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Experimental study concerning escape behavior of big size group and intragroup conflict in a simulated panic situation

模拟恐慌情境下大群体逃避行为与群体内冲突的实验研究

基本信息

批准号：
02610060
负责人：
KUGIHARA Naoki
金额：
$ 1.28万
依托单位：
Kyushu Institute of Technology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1990
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1990 至 1992
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Four kinds of experiment were done under this research title. First experiment was three-dimensional maze escape of big size group. About 40 participants escaped at once. As a result of the experiment, the large jam was occurred in the crisis condition in immediately after the departure, the turning point, and the corner compared with non-crisis condition. Moreover, crisis lengthened escape time and locomotive distance in the maze. The phenomenon that the number of escape success person increased and decreased intermittently was observed because the generations of congest and the collapses were repeated.The second experiment tried to clarified several causes of the decrease of the escape success rate in the crisis. The causes that may be thinkable are a rise of group member's average activity level by de-individuation or by social facilitation and the existence of small number of self-regard person. To clarify the causes, a bottleneck situation was set. In this situation, width of outlet changes in proportion to group size. In spite of above experimental procedure, escape time was not constant. In other word, the time spent in the bottle neck situation was longer in big size group than in small group. This result suggests that the decrease of escape effectiveness of a large size group was not caused only by small number of self-regard person.The aim of the third experiment is to compare the effects of fear on escape behavior of individual and group conditions in a maze. The results: Fear increased the time and locomotion required to reach the exit, because of the occurrence of a traffic jam in the group escape condition, however, fear reduced time in the individual escape condition.The forth experiment attempted to investigate the route selection behavior on a T shaped divergent point in a maze, and to make a mathematical model that expresses stream of people's locomotion. The data derived from the model fairy correspond to the experimental data.

本课题进行了四种实验。第一个实验是大群体的三维迷宫逃脱。大约40名参与者立即逃脱。实验结果显示，与非危机状况相比，在出发后立即、转折点和拐角处的危机状况下发生了较大的拥堵。而且，危机延长了迷宫中的逃生时间和机车距离。由于拥堵和倒塌的一代又一代的重复，观察到逃生成功人数间歇性增加和减少的现象。第二个实验试图阐明危机中逃生成功率下降的几个原因。可以想象的原因是由于去个性化或社会便利化而导致群体成员平均活动水平的上升以及少数自尊者的存在。为了弄清楚原因，设置了瓶颈情况。在这种情况下，出口宽度与组大小成比例变化。尽管有上述实验程序，逃逸时间并不是恒定的。换句话说，大组中在瓶颈情况下花费的时间比小组中更长。这一结果表明，大群体逃避有效性的下降不仅仅是由少数自尊者造成的。第三个实验的目的是比较恐惧对迷宫中个体和群体逃避行为的影响。结果：在群体逃生条件下，由于发生交通堵塞，恐惧增加了到达出口所需的时间和运动，而在个体逃生条件下，恐惧减少了时间。第四个实验试图研究迷宫中T形分叉点上的路线选择行为，并建立一个表达人们运动流的数学模型。从模型精灵得到的数据与实验数据相对应。