異方向に進行している複数の大集団の遭遇・衝突に関する野外実験的研究

不同方向移动的大群体相遇和碰撞的现场实验研究

基本信息

批准号：
05610114
负责人：
KUGIHARA Naoki
金额：
$ 0.9万
依托单位：
Kyushu Institute of Technology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1993
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1993 至 1994
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-05610114/
关键词：
large group collision escape behavior jam panic flow of people social loafing sex difference 緊急事態

项目摘要

The first purpose of the present study was to investigate the pedestrian flow and the individual behavior when two large groups collided each other at an angle of 90 degrees and 180 degrees. Each group consisted of 55 peoples who had to escape from the intersection as first as possible. The subjects could move only one block following every experimenter's command to go.The results were as follows : 1. Jams occurred frequently especially under the condition of the collision at an angle of 180 degrees, causing an increase in time required to escape from the intersection and a decrease in escape efficiency. Under the condition of the 90 degrees, pedestrian flow emerged along the a diagonal line of the intersection. 2. Efficient escape was found under the condition that included the subjects who have priority over others to proceed.The second aim of the present study was to investigate the sex difference in social loafing. Groups of nine members with a same sex were used. Each subject had to pull the rope with the way of arm wrestling. The subjects engaged in twelve times trials that consisted of twice individual trials and 10 times group trials. In the group trials, subjects believed that each member's power was not measured separately but the group's power as a whole was only gauged. Results showed that (1) females tended to loaf less than males. (2) Males'effort suddenly declined when situation was changed from individual work setting to collective work setting. On the other hand, female did not show such radical change.

本研究的第一个目的是研究行人流动和个体行为，当两个大组以90度和180度的角度相互碰撞时。每个群体由55个人组成，他们必须首先从十字路口逃脱。每个实验者的命令都可以移动一个障碍物。结果如下：1。果酱经常发生，尤其是在碰撞的条件下以180度的角度发生，从而导致从交叉路口逃脱所需的时间增加和逃逸效率下降。在90度的条件下，行人流沿着交叉路口的对角线出现。 2.在包括优先考虑其他人进行的受试者的条件下发现有效的逃生。本研究的第二个目的是调查社会讨论中的性别差异。使用了九个具有相同性别的成员的组。每个受试者都必须用手臂摔跤的方式拉绳子。受试者参加了十二次试验，其中包括两倍的单个试验和小组试验的10倍。在小组试验中，受试者认为每个成员的权力不是单独测量的，但整个小组的权力只得到了衡量。结果表明，（1）女性倾向于小于男性。（2）何时从个人工作设置变为集体工作环境时，男性突然下降。另一方面，女性没有显示出如此根本的变化。