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異方向に進行している複数の大集団の遭遇・衝突に関する野外実験的研究

不同方向移动的大群体相遇和碰撞的现场实验研究

基本信息

批准号：
05610114
负责人：
KUGIHARA Naoki
金额：
$ 0.9万
依托单位：
Kyushu Institute of Technology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1993
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1993 至 1994
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-05610114/
关键词：
large group collision escape behavior jam panic flow of people social loafing sex difference 緊急事態

项目摘要

The first purpose of the present study was to investigate the pedestrian flow and the individual behavior when two large groups collided each other at an angle of 90 degrees and 180 degrees. Each group consisted of 55 peoples who had to escape from the intersection as first as possible. The subjects could move only one block following every experimenter's command to go.The results were as follows : 1. Jams occurred frequently especially under the condition of the collision at an angle of 180 degrees, causing an increase in time required to escape from the intersection and a decrease in escape efficiency. Under the condition of the 90 degrees, pedestrian flow emerged along the a diagonal line of the intersection. 2. Efficient escape was found under the condition that included the subjects who have priority over others to proceed.The second aim of the present study was to investigate the sex difference in social loafing. Groups of nine members with a same sex were used. Each subject had to pull the rope with the way of arm wrestling. The subjects engaged in twelve times trials that consisted of twice individual trials and 10 times group trials. In the group trials, subjects believed that each member's power was not measured separately but the group's power as a whole was only gauged. Results showed that (1) females tended to loaf less than males. (2) Males'effort suddenly declined when situation was changed from individual work setting to collective work setting. On the other hand, female did not show such radical change.

本研究的第一个目的是研究两个大群体以90度角和180度角相互碰撞时的行人流量和个体行为。每组由55人组成，他们必须尽快逃离十字路口。受试者只能按照每个实验者的命令移动一个街区。实验结果如下：1.实验结果表明：特别是180度角碰撞情况下，拥堵频发，导致车辆逃离交叉口所需时间增加，逃逸效率降低。在90度条件下，行人流沿交叉口的a对角线出现。2. 在包括优先于其他人的条件下，发现有效的逃避。本研究的第二个目的是探讨社会惰化的性别差异。研究人员使用了9名同性成员组成的小组。每个实验对象必须用扳手腕的方式拉绳子。受试者共进行12次试验，其中2次为个体试验，10次为群体试验。在小组试验中，受试者认为每个成员的权力不是单独衡量的，而只是衡量整个小组的权力。结果表明：(1)雌性比雄性游手好闲。(2)当工作情境从个体工作情境转变为集体工作情境时，男性的努力度突然下降。另一方面，女性没有表现出这种激进的变化。