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The process of momentary diffusion of members' behavioral patterns in a collectivity

集体成员行为模式瞬间扩散的过程

基本信息

批准号：
10610126
负责人：
KUGIHARA Naoki
金额：
$ 1.86万
依托单位：
Kyushu Institute of Technology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

With regard to this theme, the following four studies were conducted.1. The first study examined the effects of group size (12 vs 24 subjects) and percentage of the subjects starting with majority behavior (50 %, 67 %, 83 %) upon the process of achieving behavioral uniformity. Each subjects was given a B5 size card having different colors on the front and the back and showed either side of the cards to others. Subjects shared the goal of achieving uniformity by selecting one of two color options. Analysis indicated that (1)group size did not affect time to complete unanimity, (2)transition probability toward majority was dependent upon not only the percentage of individuals at a given moment but also the percentage of the subjects in the beginning.2. The second study models escape behavior in emergency situations and compare the ability of deindividuation and social identity-based explanations. The former suggests an unconscious or unregulated process whereas the latter implies a more conscious and socially regulated process. The results suggest the conscious process of the norm formation and spread3. On June 13, 1996 Garuda Indonesia Airlines Flight 865 failed to take off from Fukuoka International Airport and crashed. The third study has examined the impact on group rationality according to the differences in degrees of threat caused by physical factors (i.e., fire and smoke, destruction of the cabin) and human factors. The result revealed that the physical threat did not lower the degree of group rationality but rather raised it. Family ties were not destroyed, and ordinary leadership roles and helping behavior became more apparent in the severely damaged area of the plane.4. The fourth study investigated gender difference in diffusion of social loafing among men and women in Japan. The results showed that the women tended to loaf less than men.

围绕这一主题，开展了以下四项研究1。第一项研究考察了群体规模(12人对24人)和以多数行为开始的受试者的百分比(50%，67%，83%)对实现行为一致性的过程的影响。每个受试者都得到了一张正面和背面颜色不同的B5大小的卡片，并将卡片的两面展示给其他人。受试者共同的目标是通过选择两种颜色中的一种来实现一致性。分析表明：(1)群体规模不影响完成一致的时间；(2)向多数转变的概率不仅取决于给定时刻的个体百分比，还取决于开始时受试者的百分比。第二个研究模拟了紧急情况下的逃避行为，并比较了去个人化和基于社会身份的解释能力。前者意味着一个无意识或不受监管的过程，而后者意味着一个更有意识和更受社会监管的过程。结果表明，规范的形成和传播是有意识的过程。1996年6月13日，印度尼西亚加鲁达航空公司865次航班未能从福冈国际机场起飞而坠毁。第三个研究根据物理因素(即火灾和烟雾、机舱被毁)和人为因素造成的威胁程度的不同，考察了对群体理性的影响。结果表明，身体威胁并没有降低群体理性的程度，反而提高了群体理性的程度。家庭纽带没有被破坏，在飞机严重受损的区域，普通的领导作用和帮助行为变得更加明显。第四项研究调查了日本男性和女性在社交闲散扩散方面的性别差异。结果显示，女性往往比男性更少游手好闲。