The process of momentary diffusion of members' behavioral patterns in a collectivity

点击翻译按钮获取中文摘要

With regard to this theme, the following four studies were conducted.1. The first study examined the effects of group size (12 vs 24 subjects) and percentage of the subjects starting with majority behavior (50 %, 67 %, 83 %) upon the process of achieving behavioral uniformity. Each subjects was given a B5 size card having different colors on the front and the back and showed either side of the cards to others. Subjects shared the goal of achieving uniformity by selecting one of two color options. Analysis indicated that (1)group size did not affect time to complete unanimity, (2)transition probability toward majority was dependent upon not only the percentage of individuals at a given moment but also the percentage of the subjects in the beginning.2. The second study models escape behavior in emergency situations and compare the ability of deindividuation and social identity-based explanations. The former suggests an unconscious or unregulated process whereas the latter implies a more conscious and socially regulated process. The results suggest the conscious process of the norm formation and spread3. On June 13, 1996 Garuda Indonesia Airlines Flight 865 failed to take off from Fukuoka International Airport and crashed. The third study has examined the impact on group rationality according to the differences in degrees of threat caused by physical factors (i.e., fire and smoke, destruction of the cabin) and human factors. The result revealed that the physical threat did not lower the degree of group rationality but rather raised it. Family ties were not destroyed, and ordinary leadership roles and helping behavior became more apparent in the severely damaged area of the plane.4. The fourth study investigated gender difference in diffusion of social loafing among men and women in Japan. The results showed that the women tended to loaf less than men.