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Long term severe competitions and the fluctuation of group member's motivation

长期激烈的竞争和团队成员积极性的波动

基本信息

批准号：
07610138
负责人：
KUGIHARA Naoki
金额：
$ 0.64万
依托单位：
KYUSHU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07610138/
关键词：
Motivation Competition Win or Lose Comparative Emergency Panic 社会的促進観衆効果プロ野球集団報酬

项目摘要

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of severe competitions between professional sports teams and among members in a emergency situation upon participants behaviors and motivation.Many studies showed that mere existence of others have been found to facilitate performance of easy tasks which were overlearned by subjects. However, the results of the analysis of the World Series data of the professional baseball teams were inconsistent with the above facts. Professional sports teams play unusually badly (choke) under the pressure created by their home fans and perform poorly in decisive home games of championship series. The analysis of the data of the Japanese professional baseball also finds evidence of a home-field championship choke. Moreover, the degree of the home choke was higher for Japanese teams than American teams.Second, the present study examined the behavibr of the passengers in the Garuda aircraft accident fire which occurred on 13th June 1996. Two hundred and nineteen out of 260 passengers' data were obtained. The results were as follows : 1) Many passengers were frozen with terror immediately after the disaster occurrence. 2) They screamed and made a rush for two exits of the central part of the plane. 3) They followed others. 4) They had a fixation about their luggage, shoes, escaped direction and exit which they had chosen firstly. 5) Eighteen leaders emerged at the rear part of the plane. They ordered the others to calm down and said "we are safe! ". These remarks may defenda surging of people. 6) Some people helped and called out each other.

本研究的目的是探讨专业运动队之间的激烈竞争和成员之间的紧急情况下，对参与者的行为和动机的影响，许多研究表明，仅仅是他人的存在，促进了简单的任务，被试过度学习的表现。然而，对职业棒球队世界大赛数据的分析结果与上述事实不符。职业运动队在主场球迷的压力下表现得异常糟糕（窒息），在冠军系列赛的决定性主场比赛中表现不佳。对日本职业棒球数据的分析也发现了主场冠军窒息的证据。其次，本研究探讨了1996年6月13日发生在鹰航空难中的乘客行为。在260名乘客的数据中，获得了219个。结果表明：（1）事故发生后，许多旅客被吓呆了。2)他们尖叫着冲向飞机中部的两个出口。3)他们跟着别人。4)他们对自己的行李、鞋子、逃跑的方向、自己首先选择的出口都有一个固定的概念。5)十八名领导人出现在飞机的后部。他们命令其他人冷静下来，说：“我们安全了！".这些言论可能会激起民愤。6)一些人互相帮助，互相呼喊。