Evaluation on the paddy dwelling chironomids in view of IPM

1)世界水田记录的手摇蝇种类。迄今为止，在世界水田记录到手摇蝇科3亚科49属158种。昆虫类群是水田生态系统中最具多样性和优势的类群。2)对山竹竹和日本竹竹竹的幼虫龄、幼虫发育、总有效温度、发育周期、成虫羽化节律、成虫寿命、卵巢卵数、性比进行了研究，并获得了相关数据。3)水田种群密度：采用出苗诱捕法系统取样，对水田中发生的拟手蛾成虫种群进行了估算。据估计，在3个月内，稻田中有414万只（691 m^2）。大概是6000 /m^2。同一稻田65 d内幼虫密度估计为413万只，从采样方法等原因来看，这一数据似乎有所低估。4)幼虫抗旱性通过在不同培养基含水量条件下饲养的方法，测定了tokunagai Glyptotendipes末龄幼虫的抗旱性。干燥培养基可使幼虫存活30 - 50天，直至含水量降至30%。(5)手蛾幼虫的捕食性水生昆虫共16种，分别为翅目目（6种）、半翅目-异翅目（4种）和鞘翅目（6种）。饲养其中的13种，以了解其摄食习性，特别是食虫幼虫的数量。

1) Chironomid species recorded from paddy fields in the worldA total of 158 species belonging to 3 subfamilies and 49 genera of the Chironomidae were recorded from the world paddy fields up to present. The insect group is the most diverse and dominant in the paddy field ecosystem.2)Development of chironomidsLarval instars, larval development, total effective temperature, developmental period, emergence rhythm of adults, adult longevity, number of ovarian eggs, sex ratio of Tanytarsus oyamai Sasa and Glyptotendipes tokunagai Sasa were studied and the data concerned were obtained.3)Population density in paddy fieldsAdult chironomid populations occurring in paddy fields were estimated by systematic samplings using emergence traps. It was estimated as 4.14 million in a paddy (691 m^2) during 3 months. It was about 6, 000/m^2. Larval density in the same paddy was estimated as 4.13 million during 65 days, and it seemed to be under estimated judging from the sampling method and other reasons.4)Drought resistance of larvaeDrought resistance of the last instar larvae of Glyptotendipes tokunagai was tested by rearings under different water content of media. Drying media allowed the larvae alive for 30 - 50 days until the water content decreased to 30%.5)Predeaceous insects of chironomid larvaeA total of 16 species belonging to Odonata (6 species), Hemiptera-Heteroptera (4 species) and Coleoptera (6 species) were observed as aquatic predatory species of chironomid larvae.Thirteen species among them were reared to find their feeding habit especially the number of chironomid larvae eaten for food.