The Theorization of Community Based Problem-solving in PHC.

进行这项研究的目的是探索和研究日本、泰国（曼谷）和美国（夏威夷）等国家处理健康问题的方式。其中涉及的因素之一涉及研究和改变国家内部和跨国健康范式的必要性。今年的研究包括文献综述和实地调查。对当前文献的分析侧重于解决自愿问题解决的历史本质，并确定自愿问题解决努力中纳入的关键概念。实地研究在曼谷和檀香山进行，集中在活跃的地区，包括访问、访谈和观察。文献回顾历史上，美国和日本在1900年左右开始以社区为基础的问题解决；但由于各自的政治、经济和社会背景不同，其内容和过程也有所不同。还回顾了当前通过基于社区的行动所针对的健康问题。社区自愿解决问题所包含的概念是根据个人、团体和社区来定义的。实地研究在美国，这项研究集中在卡利希山谷。檀香山的一个低收入公共住房社区。在以夏威夷原住民为主的怀阿奈海岸综合健康中心，已经建立了处理社区问题的正式模式，包括政府、大学和非政府组织。美国政府的社会服务主要针对低收入和少数群体。相比之下，日本向所有群体平等地提供这些服务。此外，一项涉及檀香山中产阶级的研究也是必要的。 在泰国，我们与玛希多大学和曼谷合作，研究了有关贫民窟地区区域发展计划的四点。在这里，我们发现了牢固的社区联系，因为大多数人要么有亲属关系，要么来自同一农村地区。接下来，我们需要研究缺乏这些社区联系的工厂工人。较少的

This study has been undertaken in order to explore and examine in what ways health issues are being dealt with in the countries of Japan, Thailand (Bangkok), and the United States (Hawaii). One of the factors involved relates to the necessity of studying and changing the health paradigm within and across nations.This year's study consisted of both literature review and field surveys. The analysis of current literature focused on solving the historical nature of voluntary problem solving and to determine the key concepts incorporated in voluntary problem solving efforts. The field study was conducted in Bangkok and Honolulu and concentrated in active regional areas and included visits, interviews, and observation.Literature ReviewHistorically, the United States, as well as Japan, started community based problem solving around 1900 ; however, both the content and process were different based on respective political, economic and social backgrounds. Current health issues which are targete … More d through community based action are also reviewed.Concepts included in voluntary problem solving in the community are defined based on individual, group and community.Field StudyIn the United States, this study concentrated on Kalihi Valley. a low income public housing community in Honolulu. In the Waianae Coast Comprehensive Health Center, whose inhabitants are primarily native Hawaiians, a formal model for dealing with community problems has already been established and incorporates government, university, and NGO groups.Governmental social services in the United States are primarily aimed at low income and minority groups. In contrast, Japan provides these services equally to all groups. Furthermore, a study involving the middle class in Honolulu is necessary.In Thailand, we cooperated with Mahidohl University and Bangkok and studied four points concerning a regional development program for a slum area. Here, we found strong community ties because most of the people are either related or from the same rural area. Next, we need to study factory workers who lack these community ties. Less