Studies on the valuation of native domestic animals as genetic resources

研究结果如下：继续研究日本本土马的遗传构成，特别是通过收集和研究一些历史文献，观察到木曾马的毛色分布自日本江户时代后期以来发生了变化。在名古屋大学驻地附近培育了野牛，建立了繁殖群。共饲养公犊3头，母犊4头，测定了公犊的体重和体型生长。DNA-RFLP分析表明，冲绳水牛起源于北方类型的牛，与南亚和东南亚其他33个群体的遗传变异比较，冲绳水牛的遗传变异处于平均水平，属于中国、台湾、通过估计每个核苷酸位点的平均核苷酸替换数，发现原鸡与家禽的遗传关系较近。另一方面，绿色原鸡的遗传距离家鸡较远。本研究对高知县的女贺通4个群体和新泻县的佐渡、柴鸟和越后南鸡5个群体进行了遗传多样性研究。平均杂合度以Onaga-doris最低，基因分化系数以Sado-higejidoris最高。新泻县3个品种间的遗传差异不大。

The research results were as follows.Genetic constitution of the Japanese native horses was continued to be examined Specifically the coat-color distribution to the Kiso horses was abserved to change since late Edo era of Jpan by collection and examination of some historical documents.Kuchinoshima feral cattle were bred to establish a breeding colony near the station of Nagoya University. Up to now, 3 male and 4 female calves were reared, and their growth in body-weight and -conformation were measured. DNA-RFLP analysis suggested that the cattle originated from the northern types of cattle.Genetic variability of water buffaloes in Okinawa showed the average level in comparison with other 33 populations in South and Southeast Asia, and it was found that the Okinawa water buffalo belonged to a group of China, Taiwan, and Philippine populations genetically.Res jungle fowl relatively closed to the domestic fowls by estimating the mean number of nucleotide substitutions per nucleotide site. On the other hand, Green jungle fowl genetically was remote to the domestic fowls. Thus, DNA finger printing analysis using DNA mixes could be effectively used to assess the genetic relationship among the stocks of fowl.Plylogenetic studies were conducted on 4 populations of Onaga-dori in Kochi Prefectures and 5 populations of Sado-higejidoris, Shibatoris and Echigo-nankins in Niigata Prefecture. Average heterozygosity was lowest in Onaga-doris, and the coefficient of gene differentiation was highest in Sado-higejidoris. Genetic differences among 3 breeds in Niigata prefectures were not so large.