Studies on the valuation of native domestic animals as genetic resources

研究结果如下：对日本本土马的遗传体质进行了进一步的研究，特别是通过对一些历史文献的收集和研究，观察到自日本江户时代晚期以来，木索马的毛色分布发生了变化。为了在名古屋大学车站附近建立一个繁殖群，对久之岛野牛进行了繁殖。迄今为止，饲养了3头公犊和4头母犊，测量了它们的体重和体位生长情况。DNA-RFLP分析表明，这些牛起源于北方类型的牛。冲绳水牛的遗传变异与南亚和东南亚其他33个种群相比处于平均水平，并发现冲绳水牛在遗传上属于中国、台湾和菲律宾的一个种群。通过估计每个核苷酸位点的核苷酸取代的平均数目，使丛林家禽与家禽相对接近。另一方面，绿野禽在基因上与家禽相距遥远。因此，利用混合DNA进行指纹分析可以有效地评价家禽种群间的遗传关系。对高知县的4个Onaga-dori种群和新泻县的5个Sado-higejidoris、Shibatoris和Echigo-nankins种群进行了增系研究。平均杂合度最低的是女龙-多丽丝，而基因分化系数最高的是沙多-高-多丽丝。新泻县3个品种间遗传差异不大。

The research results were as follows.Genetic constitution of the Japanese native horses was continued to be examined Specifically the coat-color distribution to the Kiso horses was abserved to change since late Edo era of Jpan by collection and examination of some historical documents.Kuchinoshima feral cattle were bred to establish a breeding colony near the station of Nagoya University. Up to now, 3 male and 4 female calves were reared, and their growth in body-weight and -conformation were measured. DNA-RFLP analysis suggested that the cattle originated from the northern types of cattle.Genetic variability of water buffaloes in Okinawa showed the average level in comparison with other 33 populations in South and Southeast Asia, and it was found that the Okinawa water buffalo belonged to a group of China, Taiwan, and Philippine populations genetically.Res jungle fowl relatively closed to the domestic fowls by estimating the mean number of nucleotide substitutions per nucleotide site. On the other hand, Green jungle fowl genetically was remote to the domestic fowls. Thus, DNA finger printing analysis using DNA mixes could be effectively used to assess the genetic relationship among the stocks of fowl.Plylogenetic studies were conducted on 4 populations of Onaga-dori in Kochi Prefectures and 5 populations of Sado-higejidoris, Shibatoris and Echigo-nankins in Niigata Prefecture. Average heterozygosity was lowest in Onaga-doris, and the coefficient of gene differentiation was highest in Sado-higejidoris. Genetic differences among 3 breeds in Niigata prefectures were not so large.