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Chemical Factors Regulating Soil Borne Plant Diseases Produced by Microorganisms Surviving in Soil

调节土壤中生存的微生物产生的土传植物病害的化学因素

基本信息

批准号：
03660135
负责人：
UENO Tamio
金额：
$ 1.34万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1991
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1991 至 1992
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Siol borne crop diseases are highly affected by the variety of soil flora containing numerous kinds of microorganisms. This phenomenon has been investigated for a long tine by plant pathologists and it has been proposed that the factors regulating the soil borne diseases are mainly caused by chemical basis such as antibiotic and/or phytotoxic substances produced by the microorganisms. This research aimed to analyze typical examples of chemical facors related to soil borne diseases.We isolated a series of antibiotic peptides produced by Pseudomonas cepacia and P.fluorescens, structures of which were extensively investigated. Most of their structures were elucidated to be glycopeptides consisting of D-xylose and several kinds of unusual amino acids. As another example, phytotoxins produced by a soil borne fungus were investigated. Ethyl acetate extract of cultures of Bipolaris sorokiniana, the causal agent of barley spot blotch, induced the necrosis of leaves and the inhibition of root elongation on barley. Two toxic compounds from the cultures, toxin A and B, were isolated as the active principles. The structure of toxin A was elucidated to be 1,7-dimethyl-8-hydroxy methyl-4-isopropyl-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-one by spectometric methods, and the structure elucidation of B is in progress. At 50 ppm the toxins host-specifically induced the necrosis for leaves of barley.

土壤植物群种类繁多，微生物种类繁多，是影响土壤病害发生的重要因素。植物病理学家对这一现象进行了长期的研究，并提出调节土传病害的因素主要是由化学基础如微生物产生的抗生素和/或植物毒性物质引起的。本研究旨在分析与土传病害相关的典型化学因子，分离洋葱假单胞菌和荧光假单胞菌产生的一系列抗菌肽，并对其结构进行了深入研究。它们的结构大多被鉴定为由D-木糖和几种不常见的氨基酸组成的糖肽。作为另一个实例，研究了由土传真菌产生的植物毒素。大麦斑枯病病原菌平脐蠕孢（Bipolaris sorokiniana）培养物的乙酸乙酯提取物能诱导大麦叶片坏死和根伸长抑制。从培养物中分离出两种有毒化合物，毒素A和B，作为活性成分。经质谱分析，毒素A的结构为1，7-二甲基-8-羟甲基-4-异丙基-二环[3.2.1]辛烷-6-酮，毒素B的结构鉴定正在进行中。在50 ppm的毒素寄主特异性诱导大麦叶片坏死。