Studies on chemical basis controlling oviposition behavior of swallowtail butterflies

雌性凤蝶（凤蝶科，鳞翅目）受到刺激产卵，以响应其宿主植物中含有的特定化学成分。本研究旨在阐明几种凤蝶产卵刺激系统的化学性质。主要研究结果如下：1.温州蜜柑叶片中对芸香科食蚜凤蝶的产卵刺激物质由10种化合物组成，每种化合物对其他化合物具有协同作用。从另一种宿主胡椒花椒中鉴定出一种黄烷酮苷。研究了黄酮类化合物的构效关系.从紫茎泽兰叶片中分离得到一种黄酮醇三糖苷类化合物，是刺凤蝶的产卵刺激物之一.许多马兜铃科的食凤蝶与寄主植物毒素马兜铃酸（AAs）有关。Atrophaneura alcinous被发现是刺激的AAs与环醇和一个新发现的肉桂酸酯的苹果酸。其它一些相关种的幼虫也在防御性嗅腺中积累氨基酸。

Females of swallowtail butterflies (Papilionidae, Lepidoptera) are stimulated to lay eggs in response to the specific chemical ingredients contained in their host plants. This study is aimed to clarify the chemical nature of oviposition stimulant systems by several swallowtail species. The results are summarized bellow:1. Oviposition stimulants of a Rutaceae-feeding swallowtail, Papilio xuthus, in the leaves of Citrus unshiu consisted of 10 compounds, each of which were acting synergistically on others. A flavanone glycoside was identified from another host, Zanthoxylum piperitum. The structure-activity relationship among the flavanones were examined.2. One of the oviposition stimulant of a zerynthiine swallowtail, Luehdorfia japonica was isolated from the leaves of Heterotropa aspera and characterized as a flavonol triglycoside.3. Many Aristolochiaceae-feeding swallowtails are associated with the host plant toxins called aristolochic acids (AAs). Atrophaneura alcinous was found to be stimulated by AAs together with a cyclitol and a newly identified cinnamic ester of malic acid. Larvae of some other related species were shown to accumulate AAs in the defensive osmeterial glands.