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Chemical Ecology of Pollination Syndrome between Orchids and Fruit Flies in South East Asia

东南亚兰花与果蝇授粉综合症的化学生态学

基本信息

批准号：
15405022
负责人：
NISHIDA Ritsuo
金额：
$ 9.02万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15405022/
关键词：
Fruit fly Bioactive substances Orchid Synomone Pollination Chemical ecology Attractant Symbiosys シモン整理活性物質

项目摘要

The oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) and melon fly (B. cucurbitae) are very destructive pest insects of numerous tropical and subtropical fruits. Males of these fruit flies (Tephritidae) are strongly attracted to specific phenylpropanoids produced by plants: methyl eugenol (ME) for B. dorsalis and raspberry ketone (RK) and its acetyl derivative (cue-lure) for B. cucurbitae. These attractants have been successfully used as baits in mass trapping and monitoring population during eradication programs for these pests (e.g. in Okinawa Islands). Interestingly, flowers of many orchid species in the genus Bulbophyllum (Orchidaceae) produce these fruit fly attractants and temporarily trap the flies to entice them as pollinators by elaborate movable-lip mechanism. ME was identified as the major component of floral fragrance in Bu. cheiri and Bu. vinaceum and RK was identified from Bu. apertum. Nevertheless, zingerone (ZN), was found in the floral fragrance of Bu. patens and Bu. baileyi. ZN has a hybrid chemical structure between ME and RK, enabling them to entice a wider range of fruit fly pollinator species both in the B. dorsalis and B. cucurbitae groups. The male fruit flies of these species effectively help to pollinate flowers and at the same time, by licking the floral tissues which contain substantial quantities of lure substances, obtain a sex pheromone material (or its precursor) to attract conspecific females.. These are rare examples of a true mutualistic interaction between insects and plants mediated by a floral synomone, in which both organisms obtain advantages via greatly enhancing the chances of success in their respective reproductive systems.

东方果蝇（Bactrocera dorsalis）和瓜蝇（B. cucurbitae）是许多热带和亚热带水果的极具破坏性的害虫。这些果蝇（Tephritidae）的雄性被植物产生的特定苯丙素强烈吸引：对于橘小实蝇来说是甲基丁香酚（ME），对于葫芦科来说是覆盆子酮（RK）及其乙酰衍生物（提示诱饵）。在这些害虫的根除计划中（例如在冲绳群岛），这些引诱剂已成功用作大规模诱捕和监测种群的诱饵。有趣的是，石豆兰属（兰科）的许多兰科植物的花朵都会产生这些果蝇引诱剂，并通过复杂的可动唇机制暂时捕获果蝇，以引诱它们作为传粉者。 ME被确定为Bu中花香的主要成分。切里和布。从 Bu 中鉴定出 vinaceum 和 RK。光圈。尽管如此，在Bu的花香中却发现了姜油酮（ZN）。专利和布。百乐依。 ZN 具有 ME 和 RK 之间的混合化学结构，使它们能够吸引更广泛的橘小实蝇和葫芦科果蝇授粉物种。这些物种的雄性果蝇有效地帮助花朵授粉，同时通过舔舐含有大量引诱物质的花组织，获得性信息素物质（或其前体）来吸引同种雌性。这些是昆虫和植物之间由花共生激素介导的真正互利相互作用的罕见例子，其中两种生物体通过大大提高其成功机会而获得优势。各自的生殖系统。