A STUDY OF THE NEW INHIBITORY DRUG FOR BONE RESORPTION, BISPHOSPHONATES, ON THE ALVEOLAR BONE RESORPTION PROCESS.

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Bisphosphonates are recently developed new drugs for the inhibition of bone resorption. In order to study the possible role of this drug in the dental field, a preliminary investigation was performed to clarify the effects of bisphosphonates on alveolar bone resorption process. For the experiments, an animal model for bone resorption induced by the low Ca diet was used and the histological changes were observed. Thirty days old male Wistar rats, mean body weight 70-85 g, were fed either normal calcium diet (0.5% Ca, 0.35% P, controls) or low Ca diet (0.05% Ca, 0.35% P, low Ca group) at the beginning of the experiment. These groups of rats were further divided into two groups and received daily by the subcutaneous injection of 1-hydroxyethyliedene-1,1-bisphosphonate (HEBP) at a dose of 4 mg/kg/day for 6 days. Control rats were received the same amounts of physiological saline. The rats were sacrificed at day 7 and undecalcified ground section of mandibular bone was examined. Contact microradiogram showed that trabecular bone located between the molar and incisor tooth were markedly resorbed in the low Ca group compared with the control group. HEBP inhibited the bone loss induced by the low Ca diet and the bone area and the mean bone width of alveolar bone increased. These changes of bone may be due to the inhibitory effects of dissolution of bone mineral and partially due to the inhibitory effects of bone resorption of HEBP. The present result suggests that bisphosphonates will be a novel drug for preventing the alveolar bone resorption in the dental field in future.