Ritual practitioner's ritual and incantation in Okinawa and Taiwan

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The main objective of this study is to report the ritual process of hoat-su, taoist shaman, living at the suverbs of Tainan city in Taiwan R.O.C., and in the near future to compare with the same religious practices in Okinawa.Many papers on this subject are limited understanding due to a lack of available resources which are caused by shaman's secretives. Fortunately after having contact with some shamans, the reporter gained one shaman's credit, could observe his religious practices at the cliant's home in Tainan and ask the meaning it has for practitioners when he came to Japan last year. In this report a brief introduction on his life history and three rituals to ward off evil spirits (kui) are discribed.