Production Structure of Polish Agriculture and its Reform

本研究首先从生产结构、生产技术、投入使用和全要素生产率的变化等方面比较了波兰1989年改革前的私有农业和社会主义农业。由于投入和产出市场受到限制，私营部门的业绩不佳。在私人部门中，全要素生产率的增长率没有生产资料私有制部门那样高。本研究还考察了实施改革措施后的变化。农业保护水平大幅降低。分配给该部门的补贴数额急剧下降，边境保护变得松散。紧缩的财政和货币政策导致真实的收入下降，导致对食品的需求下降。这对降低农产品价格产生了影响。Suppl 关于我们 波兰农业部门在劳动力和GDP贡献中仍然占有很大的份额。这一部门的结构变化对波兰经济的经济发展是不可避免的。提高农业生产力和发展以农村地区为基础的农产工业似乎是进一步发展的关键。政府在这些领域的作用十分重要。改进研究和发展计划是政府必须采取主动行动的关键领域之一。非集体化进程本身就产生了问题，其他东欧国家由于生产资料所有权的变化，农业生产一直处于停滞状态。波兰的案例提供了一个教训，即在这一非集体化进程中的解决不一定能保证农业部门的业绩得到改善。波兰政府目前正在作出的其他努力必须与非集体化进程同时进行。少

This study first compared the private agriculture and socialist agriculture for the period prior to the reforms being happened starting 1989 in Poland in terms of production structure, production technology, the use of inputs and the changes in total factor productivity. The private sector did not perform well because of restricted markets of inputs and outputs. The rate of growth in total factor productivity for the private sector was not found to be as high as one would expect for the sector with private ownership of the means of production.This study also examined the changes observed after the introduction of reform measures. The level of agricultural protection was significantly reduced. The amount of subsidies allocated to the sector dropped sharply and the border protection became loose. The decline in real income as a result of tight fiscal and monetary policies led to the drop in demand for food items. This then had an impact to lower the prices of agricultural products. Suppl … More y response slowed and the production was stagnated.The agricultural sector in Poland occupies still a large share in labor force and GDP contribution. Structural changes in this sector is inevitable for the economic development of the Polish economy. The increase in productivity of agricultural production and the development of the agro-industry based in rural areas seem to be the keys for further development. The role of the Government finds to be significant in these areas. The improvement in research and development programs is one of the key areas the Government has to take own initiatives.The de-collectivization process has been creating problems of its own and other East European countries have been experiencing stagnation of agricultural production with the changes in ownership of means of production. The Polish case provides a lesson that the settlement in this de-collectivization process would not necessarily guarantee the betterment of performance of the agricultural sector. Other efforts now the Polish Government is making have to be made at the same time as the de-collectivization process. Less