Production Structure of Polish Agriculture and its Reform

波兰农业生产结构及其改革

• 批准号: 04041088
• 负责人: GEMMA Masahiko
• 金额: $ 4.48万
• 依托单位: Waseda University (1993-1994)Yokohama City University (1992)
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1992 至 1994
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-04041088/
• 关键词: Poland,; Polish Agriculture,; East European Agriculture,; Market Economy,; State Farms,; Private Agriculture,; Agricultural Protection,; Land Ownership,; 農業生産性; 成長会計分析; 市場経済移行; 価格弾力性; 国営農業

This study first compared the private agriculture and socialist agriculture for the period prior to the reforms being happened starting 1989 in Poland in terms of production structure, production technology, the use of inputs and the changes in total factor productivity. The private sector did not perform well because of restricted markets of inputs and outputs. The rate of growth in total factor productivity for the private sector was not found to be as high as one would expect for the sector with private ownership of the means of production.This study also examined the changes observed after the introduction of reform measures. The level of agricultural protection was significantly reduced. The amount of subsidies allocated to the sector dropped sharply and the border protection became loose. The decline in real income as a result of tight fiscal and monetary policies led to the drop in demand for food items. This then had an impact to lower the prices of agricultural products. Suppl … More y response slowed and the production was stagnated.The agricultural sector in Poland occupies still a large share in labor force and GDP contribution. Structural changes in this sector is inevitable for the economic development of the Polish economy. The increase in productivity of agricultural production and the development of the agro-industry based in rural areas seem to be the keys for further development. The role of the Government finds to be significant in these areas. The improvement in research and development programs is one of the key areas the Government has to take own initiatives.The de-collectivization process has been creating problems of its own and other East European countries have been experiencing stagnation of agricultural production with the changes in ownership of means of production. The Polish case provides a lesson that the settlement in this de-collectivization process would not necessarily guarantee the betterment of performance of the agricultural sector. Other efforts now the Polish Government is making have to be made at the same time as the de-collectivization process. Less

本研究首先从生产结构、生产技术、投入品的使用以及全要素生产率的变化等方面对波兰1989年改革前的私营农业和社会主义农业进行了比较。由于投入和产出市场受到限制，私营部门表现不佳。私营部门全要素生产率的增长率并未达到人们对生产资料私有制部门的预期那么高。本研究还考察了改革措施出台后观察到的变化。农业保护水平明显降低。对该部门的补贴大幅下降，边境保护变得宽松。紧缩的财政和货币政策导致实际收入下降，导致食品需求下降。这对降低农产品价格产生了影响。供给反应放缓，生产停滞。波兰农业部门在劳动力和GDP贡献中仍然占有很大份额。该部门的结构性变革对于波兰经济的发展是不可避免的。农业生产效率的提高和农村农产品加工业的发展似乎是进一步发展的关键。政府在这些领域的作用非常重要。改进研究和开发计划是政府必须采取主动行动的关键领域之一。去集体化进程一直在给自己带来问题，而其他东欧国家则随着生产资料所有权的变化而经历了农业生产的停滞。波兰的案例提供了一个教训：去集体化进程中的解决方案并不一定能保证农业部门绩效的改善。波兰政府目前正在做出的其他努力必须与去集体化进程同时进行。较少的

项目成果

Gemma, Masahiko: "The Transition to a Market Economy-a Case of Polish Agriculture-" Waseda Journal of Social Sciences. 50. 91-118 (1995)

Gemma，Masahiko：“向市场经济的转型——波兰农业的一个案例——”早稻田社会科学杂志。

弦間正彦: "市場経済への移行-ポーランドの農業部門-" 早稲田社会科学研究. 50. 91-118 (1995)

Masahiko Genma：“向市场经济转型——波兰的农业部门——”早稻田社会科学研究 50. 91-118 (1995)。

弦間正彦: "ポーランドの経済改革" 早稲田大学社会科学研究. (予定). (1994)

Masahiko Genma：“波兰的经济改革”早稻田大学社会科学研究（计划）（1994）。