Agriculture and Environmental Policies in Eastern Europe

我们考察了波兰和匈牙利各种改革措施对农业和环境的影响。我们还审议了这些转型经济体应对农业环境问题的政策选择。本研究取得的成果如下：首先，对转型经济政策改革和农业环境模式的现有文献进行了综述。我们为后一次审查确定了现有模型的特点。后来，我们的团队开发了一个作物生长模型，以评估政策变化对田间环境的影响。我们还使用相同的模型研究了匈牙利农业氮素平衡的变化。化肥使用量的减少被认为是地下水污染状况改善的来源。其次，从匈牙利获得了地表水水质的时间序列数据。我们利用这个数据集阐述了农业和地表水质量变化之间的联系。这项工作证实了我们从作物生长模型得到的模拟结果。第三，这些研究得出了政策含义。编写了与农业和环境有关的政策文件，并在第11届国际农场管理协会大会上提交了一份文件。第四，对农业生产者的现状进行了访谈，并根据收集的信息撰写了报告。这项努力涵盖了与环境友好型农业生产有关的问题。

We examined the impacts of various reform measures on agriculture and the environment in Poland and Hungary. We also considered the policy options for these economies in transition to cope with the environmental problems in agriculture. The followings are what we achieved through this research project.First, we surveryed the existing literature on the topics of the policy reforms in transition economies and the environmental models in agriculture. We identified the characteristics of the existing models for the latter review. Later, a crop growth model was developed by our team to evaluate the impact of policy changes on the field level environment. We also studied the changes in nitrogen balance for Hungarian agriculture using the same model. The decline in chemical fertilizer use was identified to be the source of the improvement in the condition of groundwater pollution.Second, the time-series quality data on surface water were obtained from Hungary. Weelaborated the link between agriculture and the quality changes in surface water using this data set. This exercise confirmed our simulation results from the crop growth model.Third, policy implications were derived from these studies. The policy papers related with agriculture and the environment were written and one was presented at the 11th Congress of the International Farm Management Association.Fourth, interviews were conducted to study the current status of agricultural producers and reports have been written based on the information collected. The issues related with environmentally friendly agricultural production were covered in this effort.