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Agriculture and Environmental Policies in Eastern Europe

东欧农业和环境政策

基本信息

批准号：
07041072
负责人：
GEMMA Masahiko
金额：
$ 6.21万
依托单位：
Waseda University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

We examined the impacts of various reform measures on agriculture and the environment in Poland and Hungary. We also considered the policy options for these economies in transition to cope with the environmental problems in agriculture. The followings are what we achieved through this research project.First, we surveryed the existing literature on the topics of the policy reforms in transition economies and the environmental models in agriculture. We identified the characteristics of the existing models for the latter review. Later, a crop growth model was developed by our team to evaluate the impact of policy changes on the field level environment. We also studied the changes in nitrogen balance for Hungarian agriculture using the same model. The decline in chemical fertilizer use was identified to be the source of the improvement in the condition of groundwater pollution.Second, the time-series quality data on surface water were obtained from Hungary. Weelaborated the link between agriculture and the quality changes in surface water using this data set. This exercise confirmed our simulation results from the crop growth model.Third, policy implications were derived from these studies. The policy papers related with agriculture and the environment were written and one was presented at the 11th Congress of the International Farm Management Association.Fourth, interviews were conducted to study the current status of agricultural producers and reports have been written based on the information collected. The issues related with environmentally friendly agricultural production were covered in this effort.

我们研究了波兰和匈牙利的各种改革措施对农业和环境的影响。我们还审议了这些转型期经济体科普农业环境问题的政策选择。本研究的主要成果如下：首先，我们对转型经济体的政策改革和农业环境模型这两个主题的现有文献进行了综述。我们确定了现有模型的特征，用于后一次审查。后来，我们的团队开发了一个作物生长模型，以评估政策变化对田间环境的影响。我们还使用相同的模型研究了匈牙利农业氮平衡的变化。化肥使用的减少被认为是地下水污染状况改善的原因。第二，从匈牙利获得了地表水质量的时间序列数据。我们利用这组数据阐述了农业和地表水质量变化之间的联系。这验证了我们在作物生长模型中的模拟结果。第三，从这些研究中得出的政策含义。编写了与农业和环境有关的政策文件，其中一份在国际农场管理协会第11届大会上作了介绍。第四，对农业生产者的现状进行了访谈，并根据收集到的信息编写了报告。这项工作涉及与无害环境的农业生产有关的问题。