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Comparative Studies of Women in African Societies : Their Traditional Positions and Modern Adaptation

非洲社会妇女的比较研究:她们的传统地位和现代适应

基本信息

批准号：
04041116
负责人：
WADA Shohei
金额：
$ 16.64万
依托单位：
National Museum of Ethnology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1992
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1992 至 1994
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-04041116/
关键词：
African societies women and men sex role tradition and change social position and role economic activity of women urban-rural relations 男性と女性王母結社政治参加

项目摘要

This research was conducted for three fiscal years from 1992 to 1994 on the subsject of "Comparative Studies of Women in African Societies : Their Traditional Positions and Modern Adaptation ", mainly in Senegal, Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana, Cameroon, Zambia and Tanzania.In north-western Cameroon、we investigated a change of sexual division of labor which is observed in the process of urbanization snd currency economization. We found out that male groups formed associations of rich-farmers and extended their rich-farming while female groups purchased the land and planted valuable cash crops. We also investigated daily life and social position of Fulbe women in northern Cameroon, based on direct observation and analysis of oral tradition. We tried to show the life of women from various points of view, and described actual relationships between women and men.In Senegal, we explicated the economic activities of urbanite. We especially paid attention on activities of female workers engaged in the informal sector, because such activities are closely related to economic development of the whole nation.In Zambia, we studied rituals practiced separately by men and women among the Chewa and Ngoni. The cult of "Holy spirit" was introduced into matrilineal Chewa society from patrilineal Ngoni society, and main followers of this cult changed from men to women. We pointed out that this cult playd important role inreorganizing of indigenous ritual associations.In cote d'Ivoire, we investigated a change of role of women in daily works, caused by an increasing demand for processed foodstuffs made of cassava.Based on the result of our research, we would like to point out the importance of several view points for cultural anthropological studies of gender : the relatedness between women and change ; flexibility of sex role in the course of social change ; dynamism of women's activities.

这项研究从1992年至1994年三个财政年度进行，题目是“非洲社会妇女的比较研究：她们的传统地位和现代适应”，主要在塞内加尔、科特迪瓦、加纳、喀麦隆、赞比亚和坦桑尼亚进行。在喀麦隆西北部，我们调查了在城市化和货币经济化过程中观察到的性别分工的变化。我们发现，男性群体组成富农协会，扩大富农农业，而女性群体购买土地，种植有价值的经济作物。我们还通过对口述传统的直接观察和分析，调查了喀麦隆北部富尔贝族妇女的日常生活和社会地位。我们试图从不同的角度来展现女性的生活，并描述真实的男女关系。在塞内加尔，我们阐述了都市人的经济活动。我们特别关注从事非正规部门的女工的活动，因为这些活动与整个国家的经济发展密切相关。在赞比亚，我们研究了Chewa族和Ngoni族男女分别进行的仪式。“圣灵”崇拜从父系的恩戈尼社会传入母系的丘瓦社会，其主要信徒由男性转变为女性。我们指出，这种崇拜在重组土著仪式协会中发挥了重要作用。在科特迪瓦，我们调查了妇女在日常工作中角色的变化，这是由于对木薯加工食品的需求不断增加造成的。基于我们的研究结果，我们想指出几个观点对性别文化人类学研究的重要性：女性与变化之间的关系；社会变迁过程中性别角色的灵活性妇女活动的活力。