Ethnological Study of Culture Change in Tropical Africa

本研究的目的是调查独立二十多年的热带非洲的文化变迁，并比较西非和东非的差异。在1987年坦桑尼亚的实地研究“东非牛群”中，我们观察到由于国家建设和现代化、畜牧业的削弱和斯瓦希里文化的扩张，老年政治出现了分化。在扎伊尔的雨林中，一个小组对库巴王国和拉菲亚编织之间的关系进行了调查。同样，在喀麦隆草原，研究了raphia文化复合体。在喀麦隆北部，现代化进程中的文化变迁是研究的重点。从研究中得出的一些结论如下：1)土地短缺并不是引起坦桑尼亚南部尼亚库萨人社会变革的唯一因素。还有其他因素。例如，农民工寄来的现金发挥了很大的作用，他们对社会的贡献是巨大的。2)在坦桑尼亚，乌贾马村被废除。取而代之的是建立了社区中心，它们为村庄生活的现代化做出了贡献。3)在库巴王国，渡边发现了隐藏在服装中的象征意义，研究了传统价值体系与现代化的关系。4)在Bamum inn West Cameroon中，Wazaki对传统手工艺组织的社会方面进行了研究。哈塔庆祝Nkui节日，这在酋长统治期间只举行一次。关于节日的详细描述将很快发布。(6)和田对作为古生代文明特征之一的多哥炼铁进行了调查。

The purpose of this research is to investigate the culture change in Tropical Africa which has been independent for more than twenty years, and to compare the differences between West and East Africa.In the 1987 field research "the East African Cattle complex" in Tanzania, we observed the disparition of gerontocracy because of nation building and modernization, weakening of pastoral industry, and expansion of Swahili culture. In the Zairean rain forest, a team carried out a survey on the relationship between the Kuba kingdom and raphia weaving. Likewise in Cameroon grassland, the raphia culture comples was studied. In Northern Cameroon, the culture change in the course of modernization was the focus of research.Some of the conclusions drawn from the research are, as follows:1) The shortage of lands was not the only factor which caused social change among the Nyakyusa in southern Tanzania. There are other factors. For example, the cash sent by migrant workers play a big role, and their contribution to the society is great.2) In Tanzania Ujamaa villages were abolished. Instead community centers were built and they contribute for the modernization of village life.3) In the Kuba kingdom, Watanabe discoverd the symbolism hidden in the clothing, and studied the relationship between the traditional value system and the modernization.4) Among the Bamum inn West Cameroon, Wazaki carried out a research on the social aspects of the traditional handicraftmen's organization.5) Hata observed the Nkui festivity which is held only once in chief's reign. The description of the festivity in detail will be published soon.6) Wada carried out a survey on the Togolese iron making which is one of the features of paleonigritic civilisation.