Comparative Study of Political Systems and Modernization in East and West Africa

这项研究从1989年至1991年进行了三年，题目是“东非和西非政治制度和现代化的比较研究”，主要在肯尼亚、坦桑尼亚、扎伊尔、喀麦隆、加纳和多哥进行。1990年前后，在我们的研究中，民主化运动在非洲人民中迅速普及，多党制的要求开始实现。在肯尼亚，我们调查了新成立的两个主要反对党福特和民主党的支持团体。人民对民主化的要求以反政府运动的形式出现，反对来自少数民族的现任总统卡伦津。新政党的组织引起了部落之间的对抗和对抗，相反，在坦桑尼亚，传统的长老会议衰落，社区仪式消失。在我们调查的一个村庄，在强迫Ujamaa发展之后， ...更多信息 行政机构加强了与CCM（查马查马平都齐）的联系，长老会的功能也随之减少，仅限于解决家庭纠纷。然而，在曾经拥有酋长地位的Nyakyusa中，CCM的影响力并不像其他团体那样强大，长老会议仍然拥有权威，在土地重新分配等方面拥有主导权。本王朝是自17世纪初第一位国王以来的第22位国王，他仍然拥有传统的权威，有效地统治着这一地区。在喀麦隆，我们记录了世纪末至世纪初北方地区富尔贝王国创作的反抗诗歌《姆布库》。“Mbooku”是一个有价值的材料，因为富尔贝的心从来没有在欧洲人面前被揭示出来，它以隐喻的形式表达出来。在西北各省，我们对曼空王国的传统君主制和现代文明价值进行了考察。通过对传统礼制的王与王之间的传承以及社会文化向现代化的转变过程的考察，我们发现这两个因素是和谐共存的。本文以加纳中部阿散蒂王国的首都库马西为研究对象，根据当地的历史资料，考察了该王国的王位继承制度，揭示了阿散蒂王国王位争夺的历史。王朝反复统一和分裂。在多哥，我们考察了中部山区Akeb酋长国的形成和腐败，证明了该地区的传统政治组织与沿海王国的奴隶狩猎作斗争。少

This research was conducted for three years from 1989 to 1991 on the subject of "Comparative Study of Political Systems and Modernization in East and West Africa", mainly in Kenya, Tanzania, Zaire, Cameroon, Ghana and Togo. Around 1990, in the midst of our research, a movement toward democratization rapidly gained ground among African people and the demand for a multi-party system started to be realized.In Kenya we investigated the supporting groups to the newly-formdd two major opposition parties, the FORD and the Democratic Party. The people's demand for democratization took the shape of anti-governmental movement against the present president who comes from a minority group, Kalenjin. The organization of new political parties caused confrontation and antagonism among tribes.In Tanzania, on the contrary, the decline of the traditional elder meeting and the extinction of community rituals were recorded. In a village of the Iraqw, where we investigated, after forcible Ujamaa developmen … More t, administrative organizations have strengthened the ties with CCM (Chama Cha Mapinduzi), and thus function of the elder meeting has reduced only to solve family troubles. Among the Nyakyusa who once had chiefdom, however, CCM's influences are not so strong as other groups and the elder meeting still hold authority and have a preponderant voice in redistribution of land and others.We investigated Kingdom of Kuba in Kasai, Zaire in 1990. The present dynasty is the 22nd king counted from the first one in the early 17th century, and he still possesses traditional authority and rules the region effectively.In Cameroon, we recorded "Mbooku", poems of resistance composed in Fulbe kingdoms in northern region from late 19th century to early 20th century. "Mbooku" is a valuable material, because the heart of the Fulbe which had never been revealed in the presence of the European is expressed in its metaphorical form. In the northwest provinces, we conducted investigation on the traditional monarchism and value of modern civilization in Mankon Kingdom. Focusing on traditional rituals passed down from king to king as well as process of social and cultural changes toward modernization, we observed that those two factors exist in harmony. These actual circumstances were recorded ethnographically.We investigated succession system of the throne in Kumasi, capital of Asante Kingdom, central Ghana, based on local historical materials, and revealed the history of conflict concerning the throne of Asante Kingdom. The dynasty repeated unification and split. We discussed succession of the throne, concentrating on "principle of blood" with Queen mother as the core, and thus developed a new aspect of the research.In Togo we investigated formation and corruption of chiefdom of the Akeb in the central mountainous area, and proved that traditional political organizations in that area fought against slave-hunting by coastal kingdoms. Less