A STUDY OF SOCIAL INJUSTICE IN GREECE AND ROME

目前的研究显示了希腊和罗马不公正的一些方面--特别是社会和政治--：已经证明，在古典古代世界中确实存在各种不公正，这些不公正构成了影响其历史的一些重要因素。我们在目前的研究中可以处理的问题只是这种各种各样的不公正的一部分，这是真的，但我们相信，他们的结果作为一个整体将有助于更彻底地理解古典世界。因为每个成员的研究主题都与其各个时期的基本问题有关，具体如下，个别出版物或本报告中的研究都是以历史资料为依据加以说明的。至于希腊，作为其结果，本研究澄清了迈锡尼时代(山川)关于土地保有权的个人和社区之间的骚乱的意义，古代雅典社会危机的真实情况(Seimiya)，主要在斯巴达(古山)的贿赂滚动，以及希腊化时代小亚细亚的罗马不公正；至于罗马，西塞罗关于罗马君主制(Hirata)中公正和不公正国王的理论，最近共和时代罗马人对意大利人的歧视(Iwai)，永久调查中的不平等，早期君主(Shimpo)的参议院和皇室法院，一些罗马省省长的不公正(Sakamoto)，早期基督教(MatSumoto)的世俗化和腐败，以及不公正的巡回统治和防御者文官办公室的设立，都是在罗马帝国晚期。

The present research has manifested some aspects of injustice -- especially social and political -- in Greece and Rome : it has been attested that in the world of the classical antiquity there existed indeed various kinds of injustice, which constituted some important factors influencing its history. The problems which we could take up in the present Research was but a part of such various kinds of injustice, it is true, but we are convinced that their results as a whole will contribute to comprehending more thoroughly the world of the classical antiquity. For the theme of each member's research is concerned to the fundamental problem in each of its periods, as follows, and the research shown in individual publications or in the present report are demonstated by means of historical sources. As for Greece, the present Research clarifies, as its results, the significance of the disturbances between individuals and the community concerning the land tenure in the Mycenaean age (Yamakawa), the real situation of the crisis in the Athenian society in the archaic age (Seimiya), the roll of the bribe chiefly in Sparta (Furuyama), and Roman injustice in Asia Minor in the hellenistic age ; as for Rome, Cicero's theory on just and unjust kings in the Roman monarchy (Hirata), the discrimination of the Italians on the part of the Romans in the latest republican age (Iwai), the inequality in the permanent inquiry, the senatorial and imperial courts in the early Principate (Shimpo), the injustice by some Roman provincial governors (Sakamoto), the secularization and corruption in the early Christianity (Matsumoto) and the unjust patrocinium and the establishment of the office of defensor civitat is in the late Roman Empire.