Verification of Applicability of ERS Data to River Basin Geomorphology and Runoff Analysis

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1) Use of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) (Takara, Shiiba, Koike, and Terakawa). Shiiba and Takara investigated the characteristics of SAR data of JERS-1 and ERS-1 for various kinds of land cover, the possibility of discriminating water areas from others, and the possibility of estimating aerodynamic roughness. Koike found out the linesr relationships between the distortion of SAR images, elevation of the observatories, and the distance from the satelite. The use of this relationship can correct distortion in the SAR images. Koike also investigated the ground surface characteristics on the Tibetan Plateau by using three SAR images as well as Landsat image and a topographic map. Koike and Terakawa investigated the observation characteristics of X-, C-, and L-band microwave scatterometer.2) Use of optical sensor (OPS) (Takara). Takara compared the classification accuracy of four remotely sensed images with various spatial resolutions acquired by the airborne MSS,SPOT-HRV,JERS-OPS,Landsat-TM.3) Use of other remotely sensed images (Shimizu, Sawamoto, and Nadaoka). Shimizu proposed fuzzy classification and investigated applicability of neural network. Nadaoka constructed a general monitoring system, which uses Landsat data, for red clay runoff in the Okinawa island. Sawamoto constructed a distributed snowmelt runoff model, which uses NOAA-AVHRR.4) Basin topography and rainfall-runoff analyzes (Nagami, Yamada, and Fujita). Nogami established a 25-m DEM in the Uono River basin developed an algorithm and codes for topographic analysis based on the DEM.Yamada developed a short-term prediction method for spatially distributed rainfall by using radar raingage data. Fujita investigated probabilistic characteristics of sub-catchment areas and channel lengths by using mathematical models and numerical rainfall-runoff simulations.