Comparison of Photochemistry for various retinal-proteins : Consideration for relationship between their structure and function

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(1) Photochemistry of pharaonis phoborhodopsin (ppR) was made clear and the structure of binding pocket of retinal was estimated.(2) Mutant retinal proteins were obtained both from naturallyhabitant halobacteria and by artificial DNA.Characterization gave clues on amino acids essential for the function.(3) Octopus rhodopsin was well characterized.(4) Structural changes of bacteriorhodopsin, Octopus rhodopsin were investigated by FTIR and by Raman spectroscopy.(5) Crystallization of Squid rhodopsin and bacteriorhodopsin were tried and interesting findings were obtained.(6) Interference of phototaxis of Chlamydomonas by photosynthesis was first showed. Rhodopsin-like proteins and mechanism of photo-sensory were clarified.(7) Molecular dynamic theory of retinal isomerization and analysis of vibration mode of retinal were developed.