Development of pretreatment system for restaurant wastewaters by the use of oil/fat gydrolysis reactions catalized by lipase.

通过将脂肪酶这一催化油脂水解反应的酶应用于餐饮废水处理的实验研究，得到以下结论.关于脂肪酶水解与化学混凝处理的结合：（1）通过用钙盐中和脂肪酶预处理废水中正己烷可提取组分所产生的脂肪酸，形成具有非常好的脱水性的污泥，其可以以固体形式通过浮选或脱水方法去除。(2)上述过程受废水中脂肪浓度或现有物质类型的影响。2.关于脂肪酶水解与活性污泥处理的结合：（1）针对某餐饮废水，通过引入脂肪酶预处理系统，使序批式活性污泥系统在CODcr负荷为1.1kg/m ~ 3/d，污泥停留时间为30 d的条件下运行良好。(2)活性污泥过程中，没有和脂肪酶预处理没有显着不同的正己烷提取化合物的去除效率方面，但更多的脂肪似乎是在没有脂肪酶处理的过程中积累。(3)当负荷的正己烷可提取的化合物增加，他们泄漏到流出物或积累在污泥中的过程中有和没有脂肪酶处理。正己烷可浸提化合物的临界负荷为1 kg/m3/d，超过该临界负荷，将无法实现令人满意的性能。当应用脂肪酶处理时，餐厅废水最好被浓缩，但太多的浓缩会导致恶化。(4)当高浓度的正己烷可提取化合物流入该过程中时，污泥以分散的形式生长。在这方面，可能需要控制正己烷可浸提化合物的装载量。

Through experimental investigation to apply lipase, an enzyme to catalize fat/oil hydrolysis reactions, to the treatment of restaurant effluent, the following conclusions were obtained.1. About the combination of hydrolysis by lipase and the chemical coagulation treatment :(1) By neutralizing fatty acids produced through the lipase pretreatment of n-hexane extractable components in wastewaters with calsium salts, sludge with very good dewaterbility is formed, which can be removed as solid form by floatation or dewatering methods.(2) The above process is affected by the concentration of fats or type of existing substances in the wastewater.2. About the combination of hydrolysis by lipase and the activated sludge treatment :(1) By introducing a lipase pretreatment system for a restaurant wastewater, a sequence batch activated sludge system could be maintained in good conditions with an CODcr loading of 1.1kg/m3/d and an sludge retention time of 30 days.(2) The activated sludge processes with and without the lipase pretreatment did not significantly differ from each other in terms of the removal efficiency of n-hexane extractable compounds, but more fat seemed to be accumulated in the process without the lipase treatment.(3) When the loading of n-hexane extractable compounds increased, they leaked to effluent or were accumulated in the sludge in both the processes with and without lipase treatment. The critical loading of n-hexane extractable compounds beyond which satisfactory performance can not be achieved is 1 kg/m3/d. Restaurant wastewaters had better be concentrated when the lipase treatment is applied, but too much concentration can lead to deterioration.(4) When high concentration of n-hexane extractable compounds flew into the process, the sludge grew in a dispersed form. In this connection the control of the loading of n-hexane extractable compounds may be necessary.