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Measurement and evaluation of pollutants in landfill leachate.

垃圾渗滤液污染物测定与评价

基本信息

批准号：
06453207
负责人：
MATSUO Tomonori
金额：
$ 3.84万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

We investigated the leachates from three solid waste disposal sites for several times. Various heavy metals in the landfill leachates were measured up to very low concentration level of microgram per liter. Though no violation to Japanese effluent standard was found in respect of individual metal, leachate or treated leachate still contains higher concentration of total heavy metals than surrounding water enviromment. The effluent concentration after treatment was of the same order of raw leachate. Maximum metal solubilities in leachate were calculated taking the presence of inorganic metal complexes into account. Solubilities of metals were enough high and they were not the limiting factor determining concentrations after coagulation. The coagulation with higher pH was not successful in reducing concentration of leachate-origin-metals contrary to the case of pure chemical metals. The heavy metals especially nickel and copper in the leachate were associated with organic matters and consequently they remained in solution unless organic matters were removed. Application of nanofiltration to leachate treatment was studied. It was possible to separate metals from less toxic salts by low retention nanofiltration membranes.We also measured organic micropollutants by GC/MS.Plastic additives were detected at every site. Less hydrophobic compounds with low octanol-water partition coefficient were decreased in concentration with time elapsed from disposal. High level of disinfection by-products formation potential was detected in leachate. The treatment process of landfill leachate was very effective for plastic additives but not effective for disinfection by-products formation potential.

我们对三个固体废物处置场的渗滤液进行了多次调查。各种重金属的垃圾填埋场渗滤液中测量到非常低的浓度水平微克每升。虽然个别重金属没有违反日本排放标准，但渗滤液或处理后的渗滤液中总重金属含量仍高于周围水环境。处理后的出水浓度与原渗滤液浓度相当。考虑到无机金属络合物的存在，计算了浸出液中的最大金属溶解度。金属的溶解度足够高，它们不是决定混凝后浓度的限制因素。与纯化学金属的情况相反，具有较高pH值的混凝在降低渗滤液来源金属的浓度方面并不成功。渗滤液中的重金属，特别是镍和铜，与有机物结合，因此，他们仍然在溶液中，除非有机物被去除。研究了纳滤技术在垃圾渗滤液处理中的应用。低截留纳滤膜可以将金属从毒性较小的盐中分离出来。我们还用GC/MS检测了有机微量污染物。在每个站点都检测到塑料添加剂。具有低辛醇-水分配系数的疏水性较低的化合物的浓度随着处置时间的推移而降低。在渗滤液中检测到高水平的消毒副产物形成潜力。垃圾渗滤液处理工艺对塑料添加剂的去除效果显著，但对消毒副产物的生成潜力影响不大。