Japan-Indonesia joint study on etiology and clinicopathology of breast cancer

为了揭示印度尼西亚女性乳腺癌的危险因素，我们进行了两项病例对照研究：第一次是在1989-1991年，第二次是在1992年和1993年。这些研究中的病例和对照定义如下。病例为印度尼西亚大学c . Mangunkusumo中心医院新诊断并经组织病理学证实的女性乳腺癌患者，年龄在25-79岁之间。排除合并其他恶性肿瘤的女性乳腺癌患者。对照者为医院患者，按性别、3岁以内的年龄、社会阶层和3个月内的入院情况进行匹配，并从上述医院的住院和门诊患者中随机选择。流行病学信息是通过在医院的一个房间里由两名护士和两名营养学家对研究对象进行直接访谈来收集的，这两名护士和营养学家在第二项研究中专门探讨了女性乳腺癌的营养风险因素。第一项研究成功地收集了300例病例和600例对照的流行病学资料。第二项研究仍在进行中，截至1994年1月底收集了122个病例和177个对照的流行病学和营养数据。多变量分析（无条件逻辑回归分析），对绝经状态的第一项研究进行了分析，揭示了以下主要发现。在印度尼西亚，既往有乳房创伤史、既往使用过口服避孕药、亲属中有任何癌症患者、每日饮用全脂牛奶和每日食用新鲜水果的女性患绝经前乳腺癌的风险显著增加，但每日摄入煮熟蔬菜的女性患绝经前乳腺癌的风险显著降低。相比之下，对于绝经后的乳腺癌，15岁或更晚的初潮，30岁或更晚的月经规律，以及每天饮用全脂牛奶与风险增加显著相关，而离婚或分居的婚姻状况，较大的腰臀比，以及更多的母乳喂养的孩子与风险显著降低有关。人工绝经和吸烟习惯似乎会增加绝经后乳腺癌的风险。少

In order to disclose the risk factors for female breast cancer in Indonesia, we conducted two case-control studies : the first in 1989-1991 and the second in 1992 and 1993. Cases and controls in these studies are defined as follows. Cases are female breast cancer patients who were newly diagnosed and histopathologically confirmed at Dr.C Mangunkusumo Central Hospital, University of Indonesia, and aged from 25-79 years old. Female breast cancer patients with other malignancies were excluded. Controls are hospital patients, who were matched for cases by sex, age within to 3 years, social class, and hospital admittance within to 3 months, and randomly selected from in- and out-patients at the above hospital. Epidemiologic information were collected by direct interview of the study subjects themselves at one room in the hospital by two nurses in the first study/ by two nutritionists in the second study which devotedly aimed to explore nutritional risk factors for breast cancer in females. … More The first study has successfully collected epidemiologic information for 300 cases and 600 controls. The second study is still on-going and collected epidemiological and nutritional data for 122 cases and 177 controls as of the end of January, 1994.Multivariate analysis (unconditional logistic regression analysis), conducted for the first study by menopausal status, revealed the following major findings. In Indonesia, females with past history of breast trauma, past episode of oral-contraceptive use, any cancer patients among relatives, daily drinking of whole-milk, and daily eating of fresh fruits were at significantly greater risk, but females with daily intake of cooked vegetables at significantly less risk of pre-menopausal breast cancer. By contrast, for post-menopausal breast cancer, menarche at 15 years old or later, regular menstruation at 30 years old or later, and daily drinking of whole-milk were significantly associated with an increased risk, whereas divorced or separated marital status, larger waist-hip ratio, and larger number of breast-fed children with a significantly reduced risk. Artificial menopause and smoking habit appeared to increase post-menopausal breast cancer risk. Less