Historical Study of National Integration and Education in American Cultural Plural Society

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Four groups were organized to pursue this co-operataive research. First group (Educational Thougts) focused on examining concepts of "culturalization." "national integration, " "public education, " and compared those concepts in contexts of American Revolution and present.Second group (Education Administration) examined cases of 19th century and present time, focusing on "ethnichity" and "religion." In examining the "public-ness" of American public schools, which are non-sectarian but Christian, we found out that : (1) conflicts between Irish immigrants (Catholics) and Protestants are of ethnicity rather than religious doctrines ; (2) "rights of parents" are usually put forward in protests of minorities. These insights are important to pursue the study of education and identity politics.Third group(Higher Education) focused on "gender" and the role of higher education in mational integration, and through this research, the theme of "students and culture" was recognized as an important subject.Fourth group(Educational Practices), in examining controversies and practices of multicultural education, focused on "public-ness" and "authenticity" in American education.In the stage of concluding this co-operative research, two problems were recognized as calling for further, careful consideration : one is the problem of using socially-constructed concepts such as "gender, " "ethnichity" and "race" as framesof research ; the other is the problem of conceiving "multiculturalism" as confined within national border.