Development of Methodology for Evaluating Toxicity of Pesticides by Responses of Animal Cells

环境沃茨也是我们饮用水的蓄水池，受到人类活动排放的各种化学物质的污染。这一事实意味着需要快速发展评估水毒性的方法。使用活动物细胞的毒性评价方法被认为在实际意义上是最可靠的。本文以农药为模型污染物，建立了基于动物细胞反应的毒性评价方法.通过动物细胞功能变化进行毒性评价开发了基于原代培养的ret肝细胞白蛋白分泌等功能变化的毒性评价。提出了描述细胞对农药负荷反应的简化数学模型。将该方法应用于实际河水的毒性评价，验证了该方法的合理性.通过动物细胞形态学变化进行毒性评价通过定量测定敌敌畏等具有神经毒性的农药对PC-12细胞的形态学变化进行毒性评价，发现PC-12细胞的皱缩率足以灵敏地检测和评价农药的神经毒性.简单快速的毒性评估服用LDL的基本细胞功能被集中作为毒性的一个非常快速的指标。这一思路使毒性评价时间从一天的数量级缩短到一小时成为可能.用细胞毒性评价饮用水处理中的水质用所提出的生物测定法对由氯化、臭氧化和活性炭吸附组成的饮用水处理实验装置中的水质进行了评价。因此，在饮用水处理过程中，应将生物测定纳入水质控制的常规工作。

The environmental waters which serve as also the reservoirs of our drinking water are contaminated by a wide variety of chemicals emitted from human activities. This fact means that the quick development of the methodology for evaluating the toxicity of water is needed. The toxicity evaluation method using living animal cells is considered to be most reliable in the practical sense. In this work, the toxicity evaluation methods on the basis of the responses of animal cells were developed by employing the pesticides as model pollutants.1. Toxicity evaluation by functional changes of animal cellsThe toxicity evaluation on the basis of functional changes such as albumin secretion of primary-cultured ret hepatocytes was developed. Also, the simplified mathematical model was proposed for describing the cellular responses to the pesticide loading. The proposed methodology was applied to toxicity evaluation of the practical river water and its rationality was validated in part.2. Toxicity evaluation by morphological changes of animal cellsThe toxicity evaluation was tried by quantitatively measuring the morphological changes of PC-12 cells when exposed to the pesticides having neurotoxicity, such as DDVP.It was found that the shrinkage of PC-12 is sensitive enough to detect and evaluate the neuroxicity of the pesticides.3. Simple and rapid toxicity evaluationThe basic cellular function for taking LDL was focussed as a very quick indicator of the toxicity. This idea made it possible to shorten the toxicity evaluation time from the order of magnitude of day to hour.4. Water quality evaluation in drinking water treatments by cytotoxicityThe water quality in drinking water treatment experimental set-up consisting of chlorination, ozonation and activated carbon adsorption was assayd by thus proposed bioassay. It can be concluded that bioassay should be included in routine works for water quality control at drinking water treatments.