Philosophical Investigation of Sunyata in the Madhyamika Philosophy

本研究项目的主题是为从逻辑角度对空虚理论进行哲学考察奠定坚实的基础。到目前为止，中天哲学的“空”思想一直被认为超越了语言描述，只能凭直觉来把握。但是，末代中庸哲人宗师、格鲁派创始人宗卡帕从逻辑的角度对虚无进行了分析，确立了中天哲学的逻辑解释。因此，我们主要在今年的研究项目中谈到他的思想。我们还准备了他的小论文的评论版和日文译本，为进一步研究他的中天思想奠定了坚实的基础。他的中天哲学的框架表现为所谓的“超越其他哲学立场的显著特征(Tun Mong Ma Yen Pai Khyad Chos)”。他列举了八个特征，并强调所有这些特征都应归结为一个原则，即普拉桑卡哲学不允许作为世俗语言活动对象的物质基础。我们准备了评论文本和翻译的论文是《关于中天理论中的八个难点和重点的讲座(DKA‘GNAS brgyad Kyi Zin bris)》。这些难点和重点几乎与超越其他哲学立场的八个显著特征相同。在这篇文章中，宗喀巴对他的中天哲学进行了简要而全面的总结。通过对这篇文章的描述，我们很容易理解他的哲学的基本观点。我们还添加了一些与格鲁派后来大师提出的相同主题的清单，即‘jams dbyangs bzhed pa，1ang skya and Glong rdol bla ma’。

The theme of this research project is to establish the solid foundation for the philosophical investigation of the "emptiness" theory from the logical point of view. So far the "emptiness" thought of Madhyamika philosophy has been considered to transcend language description and to be grasped only intuitively. But Tsong kha pa, the last master of the lineage of Madhyamika philosophers and the founder of Gelug sect, analyzes the emptiness from the logical point of view, and established the logical, interpretation of Madhyamika philosophy. From that reason we dealt with his thought chiefly in the research project of this year. We also prepared a critical edition and Japanese translation of his small treatise as a solid foundation of further philosophical investigation of his Madhyamika thought. The framework of his Madhyamika philosophy is expressed by the so-called "Remarkable characteristics surpassing other philosophical standpoints (thun mong ma yin pa'i khyad chos) ". He counts eight characteristics and emphasizes that all these characteristics should be reduced to one principle that Prasangika philosophy does not allow the substantial basis of the object of worldly language activities. The treatise of which we prepared the critical text and the translation is "A Lecture on the eight difficult and important points in Madhyamika theory (dka' gnas brgyad kyi zin bris) ". These difficult and important points are almost same as eight remarkable characteristics surpassing other philosophical standpoints. In this text Tsong kha pa summarizes his Madhyamika philosophy briefly and comprehensively. Following descriptions of this text we can easily understand the basic points of his philosophy. We also added some lists on the same theme presented by later masters of Gelug sect, that is, 'Jams dbyangs bzhed pa, 1Cang skya and Glong rdol bla ma.