Nationwide survey of serotypes and atimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae between 1994 and 1996

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This study was conducted to investigate antimicrobial susceptibilities and serotypes of clinical isolates of S.pneumoniae in aeveral medical centers throughout Japan from 1994 to 1996.Penicillin-resistant S.pneumoniae was isolated in 30 to 50% of the total isolates and the resistant isolates widely distributed throughout Japan.The most common serotypes were 3,6,19 and 23 in the total isolates as well as in those of Penicillin-resistant S.pneumoniae.More than 50% of the isolates showed resistance to tetracyclines (TC,MINO), macrolides (EM,CAM) and clindamycin. There was no resistant isolate to vancomycin and the isolates having high resistant to quinolones were small in number. The strong antibacterial activity to the isolates was observed carbapenems (IPM,PAPM) in beta-lactam antibiotics and CDTR and CFPN in oral cephems.Concerning a screening test by a disk diffusion method for detecting cefotaxime-resistant strains of S.pneumoniae, cefaclor disk method was superior to a cefotaxime disk method which was apt to miss a resistant strain.We investigated alteration of penicillin-binding proteins genes (PBP2B and PBP2X genes) of the resistant strains of S.pneumoniae.