The Awaking of Ethnic Consciousness in European Periphery

欧洲周边民族意识的觉醒

基本信息

批准号：
07041040
负责人：
SHOJI Hiroshi
金额：
$ 7.55万
依托单位：
National Museum of Ethnology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Alongside the radical political change in the Eastern Europe and the dissolution of the Soviet Union during the last decade, we have seen various forms of ethnic awaking and the reorganization of ethnic consciousness among these peoples. The present study has aimed to investigate the on-going process of these changes, particularly in relation to the etho-national conflicts and movements raging in such a extent in the Eastern Europe as never since the World War II.Sources were collected mainly through face-to-face interviews with people in order to approach the manifold and dynamic aspects of their ethnic consciousness. The objects of interviews, which were carried out in Russia, the Ukraine, Estonia, Lithuania and Canada, fell into three groups : 1) different social and age groups of a target nationality ; 2) peripheral groups and those who are in a close contact with different nationalities and 3) emigrants or exiles segregated long from a main group. In addition, data were also colle … More cted from neighboring nationalities in terms of their attitudes toward a target nationality.On the basis of the data the following interim conclusions have been so far yeilded. The ethnic consciousness of every people under our study has turned out to be far more ununiform and diverse than our expectation that popular generalization in many cases seems inconsistent with the reality. Ethnic consciousness among both different social and age groups reveals diversity in its range and content. In particular, the ethnic consciousness among a people in a close contact with netighbouring peoples has shown a considerable distance from that of the central and ruling portion of a state. The attitude toward the Russian, for example, is such a case with many peoples. It is also to be pointed out that the national movements of these countries that were previously strongly colored by anti-Sovietism and an independence-seeking motivation have now changed in some respects. The gradual transition of these countries from the state of economical and political disorder to that of balance between powers has clearly been followed by the change of the ethnic consciousness of the peoples. The radical ethnic consciousness based on the crisis of existence and rivalry with others has been gradually replaced by the present more realistic one. The ethnic consciousness among emigrants and exiles however, has been strongly influenced by the political relation between their home state and the present host state as wellas by the national minority policy of the latter toward them. Less

在过去的十年中，东欧的激进政治变革以及苏联解散之外，我们已经看到了各种形式的族裔醒来和这些人之间种族意识的重组。本研究的目的是调查这些变化的持续过程，特别是在东欧的埃特民族冲突和运动之间发生的愤怒，因为自第二次世界大战以来，从来都不是从来没有的。访谈的对象是在俄罗斯，乌克兰，爱沙尼亚，立陶宛和加拿大进行的，分为三组：1）目标国籍的不同社会和年龄段； 2）外围群体和与不同国籍密切接触的人和3）移民或流亡者与主要群体长期隔离。此外，数据也是学院……从邻国的出席目标国籍的角度来看。在数据的基础上，以下临时结论已经得出了。事实证明，我们研究中每个人的种族意识比我们期望的是，在许多情况下，普遍的概括似乎与现实不一致。不同社会和年龄段之间的种族意识揭示了其范围和内容的多样性。尤其是，在与Netighbouring人民密切接触的人民之间的种族意识显示出与国家中央和统治部分的考虑距离。例如，对俄罗斯人的态度与许多人一样。还可以指出的是，这些国家以前因反苏维利和寻求独立动机而强烈着色的国家的民族运动现已在某些方面发生了变化。这些国家从经济和政治疾病的状态过渡到权力之间的平衡，这显然是在人民的种族意识的变化之后。基于与他人的存在和现实危机的激进种族意识逐渐被当前更现实的人所取代。然而，移民和流亡者之间的种族意识受到其本国与当前东道国之间的政治关系的强烈影响，而后来的少数民族政策对他们的国家政策。较少的