On privatization of Employment Exchange Systems

在联合王国，政府于1995年1月废除了私营职业介绍所的许可证制度。因此，没有关于私营职业介绍所的任何公共统计数据。我们调查了取消许可证制度给私营职业介绍所带来的业务。首先，许多公司新开始了劳务派遣业务和就业交流服务。他们中的大多数都是小公司。其次，大型职业介绍所倾向于为求职者提供相对高薪的工作，而大多数小型职业介绍所为求职者提供的是低薪工作。第三，在一些地方开始了公共就业机构和私人职业介绍所之间的合作。他们正在互相交换职位空缺和求职者的信息。私营职业介绍所的商界正在推动这种合作。在德国，私营职业介绍所在…中合法化一九九四年八月提供更多就业辅导服务。然而，他们的营业额仍然很小。公共就业办公室在就业交流服务中发挥了重要作用。因为他们控制着职位空缺的信息，并通过全国计算机网络系统提供给求职者。私营职业介绍所倾向于对待的不是无人雇佣的人，而是那些想要换工作的高薪人士。我们还发现一些非营利组织正在积极开展就业交流服务。在瑞典，我们在1993年7月将私人职业介绍所合法化后，对就业交流制度的现状进行了调查。与德国相比，他们的营业额最近有所增加。工会对私营职业介绍所的政策变得更加温和。公共就业办公室已经控制了职位空缺和求职者的信息，最近他们开始通过互联网提供就业交流服务。私营职业介绍所在计算机网络系统中获取求职者信息成为讨论的主题。在法国，公共职业介绍所和私营职业介绍所最近也开始了新的合作。我们还调查了公共就业组织和私营就业组织在劳动力市场中的各自角色。较少

In the United Kingdom the Government abolished the license system of private employment agencies in January 1995. As a result there are not any public statistics on the private employment agencies. We investigated what the abolition of license system has brought about in the business of the private employment agencies. First, a lot of companies have newly started the worker dispatching business and the employment exchange service. Most of them are small sized companies. Secondly, The large sized employment agencies tend to supply relatively big salary jobs to job seekers, on the other hand, most small sized agencies provide them with low pay jobs. Thirdly, the cooperation between public employment offces and private employment agencies started in some local areas. They are excahnging the information of job vacancies and job seekers with each other. The business circle of private employment agencies is promoting this cooperation.In Germany, private employment agencies were legalized in … More the placement services in August 1994. However, their turnover is still small. The public employment offices have playd a big role in the employment exchange service. Because they are controlling the information of job vacancy and supplying it to job seekers through the nationwide computer network system. The private employment agencies tend to treat not the unempolyed, but the highly-salaried people who want to change their jobs. We also found some non profit organizations are actively carrying on the employment exchange services.In Sweden, we investigated the current situation of the employment exchange systems after legalizing the private employment agencies in July 1993. Compared to Germany, their turnover is increasing recently. The trade unions' policy on private employment agencies became softer. The public employment offices have controlled the information of job vacancy and job seeker, and recently they started employment exchange service through the Internet. The access of private employment agencies to the information of job seekers in the computer network sysytems becomes a subject of discussion.In France the new cooperation between the public employment offices and the private employment agencies recently started as well. We also investigated each role of the public employment organizations and private ones in the labor market. Less