On privatization of Employment Exchange Systems

联合王国政府于1995年1月废除了私营职业介绍所的许可证制度。因此，没有关于私营职业介绍所的任何公开统计数据。我们调查了取消许可证制度对私营职业介绍所业务的影响。首先，许多公司新开办了劳务派遣和职业介绍服务。他们中的大多数是小型公司。第二，大型职业介绍所倾向于为求职者提供相对高薪的工作，另一方面，大多数小型机构为他们提供低薪工作。第三，公共就业机构与私营就业机构的合作在一些地方开始。他们正在互相挖掘职位空缺和求职者的信息。私营职业介绍所的商业圈正在推动这种合作。在德国，私营职业介绍所于年合法化 关于我们 在1994年8月的就业服务。然而，他们的营业额仍然很小。公共职业介绍所在职业介绍服务中发挥了重要作用。因为他们掌握着职位空缺信息，并通过全国性的计算机网络系统提供给求职者。私人职业介绍所往往不接待失业者，而是接待想换工作的高薪人士。我们还发现一些非营利组织也在积极开展职业介绍服务。在瑞典，我们调查了1993年7月私营职业介绍所合法化后职业介绍制度的现状。与德国相比，他们的营业额最近在增加。工会对私营职业介绍所的政策变得更加温和。公共就业办公室已经控制了职位空缺和求职者的信息，最近他们开始通过互联网提供职业交流服务。私营职业介绍所通过计算机网络系统获取求职者信息的问题已成为讨论的主题，在法国，公共职业介绍所与私营职业介绍所最近也开始了新的合作。我们还调查了公共就业组织和私人就业组织在劳动力市场中的各自作用。少

In the United Kingdom the Government abolished the license system of private employment agencies in January 1995. As a result there are not any public statistics on the private employment agencies. We investigated what the abolition of license system has brought about in the business of the private employment agencies. First, a lot of companies have newly started the worker dispatching business and the employment exchange service. Most of them are small sized companies. Secondly, The large sized employment agencies tend to supply relatively big salary jobs to job seekers, on the other hand, most small sized agencies provide them with low pay jobs. Thirdly, the cooperation between public employment offces and private employment agencies started in some local areas. They are excahnging the information of job vacancies and job seekers with each other. The business circle of private employment agencies is promoting this cooperation.In Germany, private employment agencies were legalized in … More the placement services in August 1994. However, their turnover is still small. The public employment offices have playd a big role in the employment exchange service. Because they are controlling the information of job vacancy and supplying it to job seekers through the nationwide computer network system. The private employment agencies tend to treat not the unempolyed, but the highly-salaried people who want to change their jobs. We also found some non profit organizations are actively carrying on the employment exchange services.In Sweden, we investigated the current situation of the employment exchange systems after legalizing the private employment agencies in July 1993. Compared to Germany, their turnover is increasing recently. The trade unions' policy on private employment agencies became softer. The public employment offices have controlled the information of job vacancy and job seeker, and recently they started employment exchange service through the Internet. The access of private employment agencies to the information of job seekers in the computer network sysytems becomes a subject of discussion.In France the new cooperation between the public employment offices and the private employment agencies recently started as well. We also investigated each role of the public employment organizations and private ones in the labor market. Less