On privatization of Employment Exchange Systems

英国政府于1995年1月废除了私营职业介绍所的执照制度。因此，没有任何关于私营职业介绍所的公共统计数据。我们调查了执照制度的废除给私营职业介绍所的业务带来了什么。一是不少企业新开展了劳务派遣业务和就业交流服务。其中大多数是小型公司。其次，大型职业介绍所往往为求职者提供较高薪水的工作，而大多数小型职业介绍所则为求职者提供低薪工作。三是部分地方开始开展公共就业机构与民间就业机构的合作。他们正在互相交换职位空缺和求职者的信息。私营职业介绍所商界正在推动这种合作。在德国，私营职业介绍所于1994年8月在就业服务方面实现了合法化。但其营业额仍然很小。公共就业机构在就业交流服务中发挥了重要作用。因为他们掌握着职位空缺信息，并通过全国计算机网络系统提供给求职者。私营职业介绍所往往不接待失业人员，而是接待想要换工作的高薪人员。我们还发现一些非营利组织正在积极开展就业交换服务。在瑞典，我们在1993年7月私营职业介绍所合法化后调查了就业交换制度的现状。与德国相比，其营业额近年来呈增长趋势。工会对私营就业机构的政策变得更加温和。公共就业办公室掌握了职位空缺和求职者的信息，并于近期开始通过互联网开展就业交流服务。私营就业机构在计算机网络系统中获取求职者信息成为讨论的主题。在法国，公共就业机构与私营就业机构之间的新合作最近也开始了。我们还调查了公共就业组织和私人就业组织在劳动力市场中的各自角色。较少的

In the United Kingdom the Government abolished the license system of private employment agencies in January 1995. As a result there are not any public statistics on the private employment agencies. We investigated what the abolition of license system has brought about in the business of the private employment agencies. First, a lot of companies have newly started the worker dispatching business and the employment exchange service. Most of them are small sized companies. Secondly, The large sized employment agencies tend to supply relatively big salary jobs to job seekers, on the other hand, most small sized agencies provide them with low pay jobs. Thirdly, the cooperation between public employment offces and private employment agencies started in some local areas. They are excahnging the information of job vacancies and job seekers with each other. The business circle of private employment agencies is promoting this cooperation.In Germany, private employment agencies were legalized in … More the placement services in August 1994. However, their turnover is still small. The public employment offices have playd a big role in the employment exchange service. Because they are controlling the information of job vacancy and supplying it to job seekers through the nationwide computer network system. The private employment agencies tend to treat not the unempolyed, but the highly-salaried people who want to change their jobs. We also found some non profit organizations are actively carrying on the employment exchange services.In Sweden, we investigated the current situation of the employment exchange systems after legalizing the private employment agencies in July 1993. Compared to Germany, their turnover is increasing recently. The trade unions' policy on private employment agencies became softer. The public employment offices have controlled the information of job vacancy and job seeker, and recently they started employment exchange service through the Internet. The access of private employment agencies to the information of job seekers in the computer network sysytems becomes a subject of discussion.In France the new cooperation between the public employment offices and the private employment agencies recently started as well. We also investigated each role of the public employment organizations and private ones in the labor market. Less