Systematics of Leguminosae common to Japan and N.America

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I.Field works had been made in U.S.A.from 1 Aug.to 31 Aug.in 1995, from 29 Sep.to 14 Nov.in 1996 and from 28 Sep.to 20 Oct.in 1997. About 3000 herbarium specimens, 150 alcoholic specimens and 100 dried leaf samples for extraction of DNA were collected.II.Herbarium works had been made in U.S.A.from 10 Dec.to 17 Dec.1995 in Harvard University Herbaria and from 3 Dec.to 22 Dec.1997 in Harvard University Herbaria and New York Botanical Garden.III.Results of our researches in this project are summarized below.A.Taxonomic researches : 1. Taxonomic position of Trifidacanthus was clarified by branching system, pollen morphology and leaflet venation (Ohashi et al.1996) . 2. Two North American species of Apios were compared with six Asian species, and two subgenera were recognized in Norht American species distinguished from Asian ones in morphology of flowers, fruits and tubers. 3. Eleven species of North American Lespedeza were distinguished from Asian species in morphology of flowers, fruits … More and seeds. 4. The phylogenetic analysis was done on the temperate legume species, i.e., Cicereae, Trifolieae, and Vicieae, with morphological, palynological, and chemotaxonomical data (Endo and Ohashi 1996,1997a, b).B.Morphological researches : Inflorescence structure of Campylotropis was shown to be a reduced pseudoraceme and the structural relationships with the related genera were clarifited (Nemoto and Ohashi 1996) . 2. Pollen morphology of North American Desmodium was shown to be different from Asian ones in exine stratification. 3. Morphology and variation of cleistogamous flowers and the infrageneric variation were clarified in Lespedeza (Nemoto and Ohashi 1997) . 4. Cotyledon areole was discovered as a new taxonomic character in legume cotyledons (Endo and Ohashi 1998) .C.Molecular phylogenetic researches : 1. The chloroplast rbcL gene showed that subtribe Lespedeziinae and Desmodium of tribe Desmodieae are monophyly and sister to tribe Phaseoleae (Doyle et al. 1997) . 2. The loss of chloroplast rpl2 intron supported the monophyly of most of tribe Desmodieae except subtribe Bryinae, Neocollettia and Phylaciun (Donovan Bailay et al.1997) . 3. The phylogenetic analysis of a non-coding region between trnL and trnF in Lespedeza represented the early diversification between Asia and North America, and it suggests a scenario of only one event of migration between both continents. 4. The degree of sequence divergence of the ono-coding region between trnL and trnF was larger in woody disjunct species pairs of Cladrastis, Wisteria than herbaceous Lespedeza and Amphicarpaea. Less