Systematics of Leguminosae common to Japan and N.America

一.1995年8月1日至8月31日、1996年9月29日至11月14日和1997年9月28日至10月20日在美国进行了实地工作。采集标本约3000份，酒精标本150份，干叶标本100份，用于提取DNA。II.1995年12月10日至17日，美国哈佛大学植物标本馆，1997年12月3日至22日，美国哈佛大学植物标本馆和纽约植物园标本馆。2.比较了北美的两个种和亚洲的六个种，在花、果实和块茎的形态上区分了北美种和亚洲种的两个亚属。3.北美胡枝子属11种植物与亚洲胡枝子属植物在花形态、果实形态、…形态等方面存在明显差异更多和种子。4.利用形态、孢粉学和化学分类学数据(Endo和Ohashi 1996、1997a、b)对温带豆科豆科植物Cicereae、Trifolieae和Vicieae进行了系统发育分析。B.形态研究表明：弯曲草的花序结构是一种简化的假针叶植物，并阐明了与相关属的结构关系(Nemoto和Ohashi 1996)。2.在外壁层结方面，北美和亚洲的山豆属花粉形态不同。3.明确了胡枝子属(Nemoto和Ohashi 1997)闭花授粉花的形态、变异和属下变异。C.分子系统发育研究：1.叶绿体rbcL基因分析表明，胡枝子亚族和十字花族是单子族，是豆科豆族的姊妹种(Doyle et al.1997年)。2.叶绿体rpl2内含子的缺失支持了除Bryinae亚族、Neocollettia亚族和Phylaciun亚族以外的大多数Desdemeae族的单系进化(Donovan Bailay et al.1997)。3.胡枝子属trnL和trnF之间的非编码区的系统发育分析代表了亚洲和北美之间的早期多样性，并提出了两个大陆之间只有一个迁徙事件的假设。4.枝状藤属和紫藤属木本分离种对中trnL和trnF之间的ONO编码区序列差异程度大于草本胡枝子属和双果壳属植物。较少

I.Field works had been made in U.S.A.from 1 Aug.to 31 Aug.in 1995, from 29 Sep.to 14 Nov.in 1996 and from 28 Sep.to 20 Oct.in 1997. About 3000 herbarium specimens, 150 alcoholic specimens and 100 dried leaf samples for extraction of DNA were collected.II.Herbarium works had been made in U.S.A.from 10 Dec.to 17 Dec.1995 in Harvard University Herbaria and from 3 Dec.to 22 Dec.1997 in Harvard University Herbaria and New York Botanical Garden.III.Results of our researches in this project are summarized below.A.Taxonomic researches : 1. Taxonomic position of Trifidacanthus was clarified by branching system, pollen morphology and leaflet venation (Ohashi et al.1996) . 2. Two North American species of Apios were compared with six Asian species, and two subgenera were recognized in Norht American species distinguished from Asian ones in morphology of flowers, fruits and tubers. 3. Eleven species of North American Lespedeza were distinguished from Asian species in morphology of flowers, fruits … More and seeds. 4. The phylogenetic analysis was done on the temperate legume species, i.e., Cicereae, Trifolieae, and Vicieae, with morphological, palynological, and chemotaxonomical data (Endo and Ohashi 1996,1997a, b).B.Morphological researches : Inflorescence structure of Campylotropis was shown to be a reduced pseudoraceme and the structural relationships with the related genera were clarifited (Nemoto and Ohashi 1996) . 2. Pollen morphology of North American Desmodium was shown to be different from Asian ones in exine stratification. 3. Morphology and variation of cleistogamous flowers and the infrageneric variation were clarified in Lespedeza (Nemoto and Ohashi 1997) . 4. Cotyledon areole was discovered as a new taxonomic character in legume cotyledons (Endo and Ohashi 1998) .C.Molecular phylogenetic researches : 1. The chloroplast rbcL gene showed that subtribe Lespedeziinae and Desmodium of tribe Desmodieae are monophyly and sister to tribe Phaseoleae (Doyle et al. 1997) . 2. The loss of chloroplast rpl2 intron supported the monophyly of most of tribe Desmodieae except subtribe Bryinae, Neocollettia and Phylaciun (Donovan Bailay et al.1997) . 3. The phylogenetic analysis of a non-coding region between trnL and trnF in Lespedeza represented the early diversification between Asia and North America, and it suggests a scenario of only one event of migration between both continents. 4. The degree of sequence divergence of the ono-coding region between trnL and trnF was larger in woody disjunct species pairs of Cladrastis, Wisteria than herbaceous Lespedeza and Amphicarpaea. Less