Resource use patterns and social structure among chimpanzees

1995年至1997年，在坦桑尼亚马哈勒山国家公园对M群黑猩猩的食物资源进行了调查。将样带两侧(4公里)和观测路径(23公里)两侧各5m范围内的地径30 cm的树木和地径5 cm的木质藤本植物分别列出，并贴上编号的铝/塑料标签，用于物候学研究。在整个期间，每月对这些植物进行一次监测，以估计可用食物的数量并获得物候数据。对黑猩猩进行了跟踪，并记录了所使用的食物块的位置、它们的块大小、进食速度和聚会规模。初步分析显示，在10种最常见的树种中，有9种是结出黑猩猩吃的果实的树种。这表明黑猩猩密集而有效地传播种子。植物密度介于加蓬的洛普和扎伊尔的卡胡齐之间，这是两个植物区系著名的黑猩猩栖息地。配送员…通过对观察路径50m内检测到的动物进行计数，调查了更多的哺乳动物猎物资源和密度。还调查了选定的一组红结肠猴与黑猩猩的生态关系。黑猩猩的密度已经被证明足够大，能够以每年100头的速度被黑猩猩捕食。然而，令人费解的发现是，尽管红尾猴的数量和红鳞猴一样多，但只有后者被黑猩猩选为密集猎物。使用特殊诱捕器收集了各种被认为与黑猩猩有一定经济关系的双翅目苍蝇。系统地收集了卵巢样本，并比较了不同年龄和性别的肠道寄生虫的发生情况。从干燥的粪便中提取的性激素的数量将在实验室中进行测量。人们尝试了各种人工干预措施，如环剥，以根除外来入侵植物。番泻叶，并比较了不同方法的效果和防治效果。研究人员收集了黑猩猩的活动范围、蚂蚁钓鱼、梳理、团聚、打斗、狩猎和分享肉类等方面的数据。包括空军大学在内的多个电影拍摄团队在西田的监督下拍摄了黑猩猩的行为视频。我们希望从这些电影记录中获得有价值的信息。较少

From 1995 to 1997, the food resource of the M group chimpanzees was investigated in the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. All the trees with DBH>=30cm and all the woody vines with DBH>=5cm, located within 5m each of the two sides of the transects (4km) and observation paths (23km), were listed up, and numbered alminium/plastic tags were attached to them for phenological research. These plants were monitored once a month throughout the period in order to estimate the quantity of available food and to obtain the phenological data. Chimpanzees were followed, and the location of food patchs used, their patch sizes, feeding speed and party sizes were recorded. A preliminary analysis showed that 9 of the 10 most common species of trees were those producing fruits eaten by chimpanzee.This suggests intensive and effective seed dispersal by chimpanzees. The plant density was intermediatebetween Lope of Gabon and Kahuzi of Zaire, two floristically known chimpanzee habitats. The distribut … More ion and density of mammal prey resources were investigated by counting animals detected within 50 m from the observation paths. Ecological relationships of a chosen group of red colobus monkeys with chimpanzees were also investigated. The colobus monkeys density has proved to be large enough to survive the predation by chimpanzees at the culling rate of 100 head per year. The puzzling discovery however, is that despite the fact that red-tailed monkeys were as abundant as red colobus monkeys, only the latter species were selected as intensive prey by chimpanzees. Various dipteran flies presumed to have some econlogical relationships with chimpanzees were collected using specialtraps.Fecal samples were systematically collected, and the occurrence of intestinal parasites was compared across age and sex. The quantity of sex hormones to be extracted from dried feces will be measured in the laboratory. Various artificial intervention such as girdling was attempted to eradicate an invasive exotic plant. Senna spectabilis, and the effects were compared among various methods and toe control plot. Data on ranging, ant-fishing, grooming, reunion, fighting, hunting and meat-sharing were collected.Behavior of the chimpanzees was video taped under the supervision of T.Nishida by various film-shooting teams including the University of Airteam. We expect to obtain valuable information from these cinematographic records. Less