Resource use patterns and social structure among chimpanzees

黑猩猩的资源利用模式和社会结构

基本信息

批准号：
07041138
负责人：
NICHIDA Toshisada
金额：
$ 17.47万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

From 1995 to 1997, the food resource of the M group chimpanzees was investigated in the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. All the trees with DBH>=30cm and all the woody vines with DBH>=5cm, located within 5m each of the two sides of the transects (4km) and observation paths (23km), were listed up, and numbered alminium/plastic tags were attached to them for phenological research. These plants were monitored once a month throughout the period in order to estimate the quantity of available food and to obtain the phenological data. Chimpanzees were followed, and the location of food patchs used, their patch sizes, feeding speed and party sizes were recorded. A preliminary analysis showed that 9 of the 10 most common species of trees were those producing fruits eaten by chimpanzee.This suggests intensive and effective seed dispersal by chimpanzees. The plant density was intermediatebetween Lope of Gabon and Kahuzi of Zaire, two floristically known chimpanzee habitats. The distribut … More ion and density of mammal prey resources were investigated by counting animals detected within 50 m from the observation paths. Ecological relationships of a chosen group of red colobus monkeys with chimpanzees were also investigated. The colobus monkeys density has proved to be large enough to survive the predation by chimpanzees at the culling rate of 100 head per year. The puzzling discovery however, is that despite the fact that red-tailed monkeys were as abundant as red colobus monkeys, only the latter species were selected as intensive prey by chimpanzees. Various dipteran flies presumed to have some econlogical relationships with chimpanzees were collected using specialtraps.Fecal samples were systematically collected, and the occurrence of intestinal parasites was compared across age and sex. The quantity of sex hormones to be extracted from dried feces will be measured in the laboratory. Various artificial intervention such as girdling was attempted to eradicate an invasive exotic plant. Senna spectabilis, and the effects were compared among various methods and toe control plot. Data on ranging, ant-fishing, grooming, reunion, fighting, hunting and meat-sharing were collected.Behavior of the chimpanzees was video taped under the supervision of T.Nishida by various film-shooting teams including the University of Airteam. We expect to obtain valuable information from these cinematographic records. Less

从1995年到1997年，在坦桑尼亚的玛哈尔山国家公园进行了调查，M群黑猩猩的食品资源进行了调查。列出了所有具有DBH> = 30厘米的树木和所有带有DBH> = 5cm的木质藤蔓，列出了样条的两侧（4 km）和观察路径（23km），并列出了数量的Alminium/塑料标签，以进行现象研究。在此期间，每月对这些植物进行一次监测，以估计可用食品的数量并获取物候数据。跟随黑猩猩，并记录了使用食物斑块的位置，它们的补丁尺寸，喂食速度和派对尺寸。初步分析表明，在十种最常见的树木中，有9种是产生黑猩猩食用的水果的，这表明黑猩猩的密集且有效的种子分散。植物密度介于Zaire的Lope和Kahuzi之间，Zaire和Kahuzi之间，两个花卉知名的Chimpanzee人居住在Zaire和Kahuzi之间。通过对观察路径50 m内检测到的动物进行计数，研究了哺乳动物猎物资源的更多离子和密度。还研究了一组选择的红色糖果猴与黑猩猩的生态关系。事实证明，洛鸟猴的密度足够大，可以在黑猩猩以每年100头的culling速捕食中生存。但是，难题的发现是，尽管红尾猴子和红色哥洛布猴一样丰富，但只有黑猩猩被选为强烈的猎物。使用特殊故事收集了各种二翅目蝇，与黑猩猩有一些经济关系。系统地收集了预先的样本，并在年龄和性别之间比较了肠道寄生虫的发生。从干粪便中提取的性马的数量将在实验室中测量。各种人工干预（例如束缚）试图给侵入性的外来植物放射。在各种方法和脚趾控制图之间比较了Senna Spectabilis和效果。收集了有关范围，蚂蚁钓，修饰，聚会，战斗，打猎和肉类共享的数据。我们希望从这些摄影记录中获取有价值的信息。较少的