Resource use patterns and social structure among chimpanzees

1995 ~ 1997年，对坦桑尼亚马哈尔山国家公园M群黑猩猩的食物资源进行了调查。在样带（4km）和观测路径（23 km）两侧各5 m范围内，将所有胸径>= 30 cm的树木和胸径>=5cm的木本藤本植物全部列出，并贴上编号的木牌/塑料标签，进行物候学研究。在此期间，每个月对这些植物进行一次监测，以估计可获得的食物量并获得物候数据。黑猩猩被跟踪，并记录了所使用的食物块的位置、食物块的大小、进食速度和聚会规模。一项初步分析显示，在10种最常见的树木中，有9种是黑猩猩食用的果实，这表明黑猩猩密集而有效地传播了种子。植物密度介于加蓬的Lope和扎伊尔的Kahuzi之间，这是两个已知的黑猩猩栖息地。分销商 关于我们 通过对距离观测路径50 m范围内的动物进行计数，调查了哺乳动物猎物资源的离子和密度。红疣猴与黑猩猩的生态关系也进行了调查。疣猴的密度已被证明是足够大的生存捕食黑猩猩在100头每年的淘汰率。然而，令人困惑的发现是，尽管红尾猴和红疣猴一样丰富，但只有后者被黑猩猩选为重点猎物。用特殊的诱捕器收集了各种被认为与黑猩猩有一定生态关系的双翅目蝇类，系统地收集了粪便样品，并比较了不同年龄和性别的肠道寄生虫的发生情况。将在实验室中测量从干燥粪便中提取的性激素量。人们尝试了各种人工干预措施，如环剥，以根除外来入侵植物。并比较了不同方法和对照区的效果。研究人员收集了有关黑猩猩的测距、捕蚁、梳理毛发、团聚、打斗、狩猎和分享肉类等行为的数据。在西田的监督下，包括空军大学在内的多个电影拍摄团队对黑猩猩的行为进行了录像。我们希望从这些电影记录中获得有价值的信息。少

From 1995 to 1997, the food resource of the M group chimpanzees was investigated in the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. All the trees with DBH>=30cm and all the woody vines with DBH>=5cm, located within 5m each of the two sides of the transects (4km) and observation paths (23km), were listed up, and numbered alminium/plastic tags were attached to them for phenological research. These plants were monitored once a month throughout the period in order to estimate the quantity of available food and to obtain the phenological data. Chimpanzees were followed, and the location of food patchs used, their patch sizes, feeding speed and party sizes were recorded. A preliminary analysis showed that 9 of the 10 most common species of trees were those producing fruits eaten by chimpanzee.This suggests intensive and effective seed dispersal by chimpanzees. The plant density was intermediatebetween Lope of Gabon and Kahuzi of Zaire, two floristically known chimpanzee habitats. The distribut … More ion and density of mammal prey resources were investigated by counting animals detected within 50 m from the observation paths. Ecological relationships of a chosen group of red colobus monkeys with chimpanzees were also investigated. The colobus monkeys density has proved to be large enough to survive the predation by chimpanzees at the culling rate of 100 head per year. The puzzling discovery however, is that despite the fact that red-tailed monkeys were as abundant as red colobus monkeys, only the latter species were selected as intensive prey by chimpanzees. Various dipteran flies presumed to have some econlogical relationships with chimpanzees were collected using specialtraps.Fecal samples were systematically collected, and the occurrence of intestinal parasites was compared across age and sex. The quantity of sex hormones to be extracted from dried feces will be measured in the laboratory. Various artificial intervention such as girdling was attempted to eradicate an invasive exotic plant. Senna spectabilis, and the effects were compared among various methods and toe control plot. Data on ranging, ant-fishing, grooming, reunion, fighting, hunting and meat-sharing were collected.Behavior of the chimpanzees was video taped under the supervision of T.Nishida by various film-shooting teams including the University of Airteam. We expect to obtain valuable information from these cinematographic records. Less