INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH FOR INNOVATING BIOPRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN GAS

氢气是一种重要的清洁能源。生物生产氢气是由固氮微生物或氢化酶阳性微生物介导的。本项目旨在通过固氮或制氢研究人员之间的跨学科研究，寻找生物制氢的创新方法。NISHIHARA研究了海洋细菌氢弧菌的耐热耐氧氢化酶。这种酶在酸性条件下产生比吸收更多的氢。该酶可用于分离酶络合物产氢。ASADA介绍了利用真细菌加氢酶提高光依赖性藻类产氢的方法。ONODERA研究了产氢量高的固氮细菌突变体，并从土壤中分离出产氢量高、对氨抑制不敏感的细菌。UOZUMI研究了氨对氮螺旋藻的抑制作用。将克雷伯菌nifA引入Az.lipoferum导致部分抑制。KUMAZAWA研究了在氮气存在下通过抑制蓝藻的氮酶更有效的产氢。这些试验的目的是在不抑制氮酶产氢的情况下提供氨。MIYAMOTO研究了微藻作为燃料燃烧气体清除剂的用途。通过乳酸菌与光合细菌的结合，将微藻生物质高效转化为氢气。OHMIYA尝试用生物聚合物制氢，并分析了几丁质酶的遗传结构。WATANABE研究了azolla -蓝藻共生制氢。这些研究为利用生物质制氢提供了基本信息。这些跨学科的研究为创新生物制氢提供了基础信息。

Hydrogen gas is important as a clean energy source. Bio-production of hydrogen gas is mediated by nitrogen fixing microorganisms or hydrogenase positive microorganisms. This project aims at searching innovative approaches for bio-production of hydrogen gas through interdisciplinary research between researchers engaged in nitrogen fixation or hydrogen production.NISHIHARA studied thermo-stable and oxygen tolerant hydrogenase from marine bacteria Hydrogenovibrio. This enzyme evolved more hydrogen at acidic m condition than its absorption. This enzyme may be useful for hydrogen production by isolated enzyme complex. ASADA introduced the way of improving photo-dependent algal hydrogen production by incorporating eubacterial hydrogenase.ONODERA studied mutants of Azotobacter directed toward higher hydrogen production, and isolated bacteria from soil high in hydrogen production and insensitive to repression by ammonia. UOZUMI studied derepression by ammonia in Azospirillum lipoferum. The introduction of Klebsiella nifA to Az.lipoferum led partial derepression. KUMAZAWA studied more active hydrogen production under the presence of nitrogen gas by derepressing nitrogenase of cyanobacteria. These trials aimed at providing ammonia without inhibiting hydrogen production by nitrogenase.MIYAMOTO studied the use of microalgae as fuel-combustion gas scavenger. By combining lactic acid bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria, micro algal biomass was converted to hydrogen gas at high efficiency.OHMIYA tried to use bio-polymers for hydrogen production, and analyzed genetic structure of chitinase. WATANABE studied hydrogen production by Azolla-cyanobacteria symbiosis. These studies provided basic information on using biomass for hydrogen production.These interdisciplinary research provided basic information for innovating bio-production of hydrogen gas.