LOGISTIC MANAGEMENT BY DISASTER RESPONDING AGENCIES IN POST-DISASTER CRISIS MANAGEMENT

阪神-旭日大地震使我们不得不重新审视日本的地震灾害管理。以下是物流管理在灾后危机管理中最重要的两个教训。(1)灾后危机管理的三个任务：这场灾难给受灾地区造成了新的不良现实。现实本身一直在迅速变化。与此同时，根据兵库县和神户市在地震六个月后公布的恢复计划，受影响地区的完全恢复将需要十多年的时间。因此，重要的是要注意到，对灾难作出反应的社会行为会有所不同，这取决于观察受影响社区和该地区人民发生了什么的时间框架。因此，我们想介绍一种观点，即灾后危机管理包括以下三个不同的任务，它们的目标独立于…在灾害管理过程中的不同时间阶段，这一点将变得更加明显。这三项任务在个人-家庭层面和社区层面都是相互联系的：1)救济：恢复因灾难而受损的社会流动系统(我以生命线系统为标志)，以及在此期间的群众关怀。2)应对：保护人类生命，为社区提供安全，防止次生灾害。3)重建：既要重建社区，也要重建人，以适应灾难带来的新现实。(2)灾害管理作为决策过程：在表现上，灾后管理的这三项任务看起来明显在响应、救灾、重建的顺序上有不同的时间阶段。作为操作，这三项任务都应该在灾害发生后立即开始，三个不同的团队独立工作。每隔一段时间，就可能导致三个工作组就行动的优先次序发生冲突。应由灾后危机管理行动的指挥官决定优先开展哪些行动，同时考虑到后勤工作所获得的情报以及所能调动的资源。较少

The Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster made us to critically review earthquake disaster management in Japan. The followings are the two most important lessons in terms of logistics management in post-disaster crisis management.(1) Three tasks of post-disaster crisis management :New and undesirable reality has been created in impacted area due to this disaster. Reality itself has been changing rapidly. At the same time the full recovery of the impacted area will take more than ten years according to the restoration plans revealed by Hyogo prefecture and Kobe city six months after the earthquake. Thus, it is important to notice that social behavior reacting to the disaster would be different depending on the time frame upon which the observation was made as to what happened to the impacted community and the people in that area. Therefore, we would like to introduce the idea that post-disaster crisis management consists of the follwing three different tasks whose goals are independen … More t with each other, and which would become apparent at different time phases during the disaster management processes. These three tasks are interconnected with each other at both individual-family level and community level : 1) Relief : Restoring social flow system (which me be symbolized by lifeline system) impaired by the disaster, and mass care during that Period. 2) Response : Protection of human lives, provision of safety for the community, and prevention of secondary disasters. 3) Reconstruction : Reconstruction of both community as well as people in order to adapt to new reality created by the disaster.(2) Disaster management as decision-making process :At the performance, these three tasks of post-disaster management, it looks apparent that there are different time phase in the order of response, relief, then reconstruction. As the operation, all of these three tasks should be started right after the occurrence of disasters with three different teams working independently. Every once a while, it may result in conflicts among three working groups as to the priority of the operations. It would be the commander of the post-disaster crisis management operation to decide which operations should be prioritized taking into account the logistics both in terms of intelligence they acquired as wel as the resources they could mobilize. Less