DEVELOPMENTAL PROCESSES OF UNDERSTANDING OTHERS' PLAY INTENTIONS AND META-COMMUNICATION IN INFANCY.

这个项目旨在展示婴儿期理解他人游戏意图的发展过程。沿着这一目的，婴儿和他/她的母亲之间的嬉戏戏弄的相互作用进行了纵向观察。对于婴儿enjyo这样的互动，有人假设，他们必须能够从事这样的元通信作为响应，而不是行动本身，但发挥通过行动传达的意图。然而，在建立观察之前，有一个方法上的困难需要克服。在实验室的受控情境下，我们从来没有观察到玩笑式的戏弄互动，在观察者在场的家庭情境中，我们也几乎观察不到这种互动。然后我发明了一种新技术，叫做“视频日记”。参与该项目的15位母亲获得了一个摄像机，并被要求记录他们从6个月到18个月的婴儿每天与婴儿的互动，就像写日记一样，记录他们自己抚养孩子的记忆。因此，这种方法在收集自然母婴互动数据方面非常成功。然后，从录像带中提取出好玩的戏弄片段，并制定了相应的协议。他们得出了以下结果：a）一些6个月大的婴儿对母亲的戏弄表现出快乐的反应; B）大约10个月大的婴儿有选择地表达他们的笑声，好像在教导母亲对婴儿互动偏好的误解; c）从一岁左右开始，一些婴儿对母亲表现出戏弄。这些结果被认为表明，亲密的关系，如母亲和孩子之间的“我们”的空间和亲密的人寻求相互的情感满足，换句话说，通过制造乐趣的互动实现主体间性的时刻。

This project was aimed at demonstrating developmental processes of understanding others' play intentions during infancy. Along this purpose, playful teasing interactions between an infant and his/her mother were observed longitudinally. For infants to enjyo such interactions, it was hypothesized that they have to be capable to engage such meta-communication as responding not to actions themselves but to play intentions conveyed through the actions. Before setting up the observation, however, there had been a methodological difficulty to be overcome. Playful teasing interactions are never observed under a controlled situation at an experimental laboratory and hardly in the home situation that an observer presences aside. Then I invented a new technique named "Video Diary". Fifteen mothers who participated in this project were given a camcoder and asked to record their everyday interaction with their baby from infant age of month 6 to 18, for their own memory of child rearing just like writing a diary. As a result, this methodology was very successful in collecting natural mother-infant interaction data. Then, episodes of playful teasing were extracted out of the tapes and their protocols were made. They showed following results ; a) some 6-month babies showed joyful responses to maternal playful teasing ; b) around 10 months of age, infants expressed their laughter selectively as if teaching mothers' misunderstanding of their baby's interaction preferences ; c) from around the first birthday, some infants showed playful teasing to their mother. Those results were considered as suggesting that intimate relationships like between mother-child underlay "the space of 'WE'" and intimate persons seek mutual emotion-satisfaction, in other words, the moment of intersubjectivity attainment through making-fun interactions.