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Research and Development and Diffusion of Upland-farming Technology under the International Trade Liberalization in Hokkaido

国际贸易自由化背景下北海道旱作技术的研发与推广

基本信息

批准号：
07456098
负责人：
DOI Tokihisa
金额：
$ 4.1万
依托单位：
Hokkaido University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07456098/
关键词：
Research and development Intensive upland-farming New Variety Labor saving technology optimal use of fertilizer Pest control system Agricultural trade liberalization Diffusion 集約的畑作技術労働節約技術農薬投入技術馬鈴薯甜菜野菜共同販売玉葱花卉生産技術

项目摘要

Due to the increase of imports of upland crops, the food self-sufficiency rate of upland crops is decreasing rapidly and the farmers need a new policy for research and development to increase agricultural productivity. The new intensive upland-farming management is emerging in Hokkaido, where the share of upland crops production accounts about half of the total upland crops production in Japan. The acreage of vegetables has increased rapidly and it has caused the change of the traditional cropping rotation of wheat, potato, sugar beet and pulses.The private research and development activity is increasing especially in the vegetables and flower production, although the public is also playing the important role in agricultural research and development. In case of provided by private flower nurseries company, the cost share of flower nurseries accounts almost half of the total production cost. The transaction process of these new seeds and nurseries between farmers and private companies w … More as analyzed theoretically. F1 onion varieties contributed in decreasing the seasonal shortage of domestic supply and in reducing imports in onion market.Vegetable itself is more labor intensive crop, although vegetable production is increasing in the area where the land resources are scarce. It is inevitable to adopt the mechanization to substitute the labor shortage. The case study of R&D in the mechanization of vegetable production was done in the Tokachi Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives. The study result shows that the demand for farm machinery is increasing very rapidly. Environmental concern also became very important in agricultural production. New information system to control the use of pesticide is developing in upland-crops production. The optimal system to increase the efficiency of the use of agricultural chemicals and to improve environmental situation is discussed theoretically. The role of intra-farm management system of controlling the use of fertilizer, and the irrigation system for upland-crops were also investigated and evaluated. Less

由于旱地作物进口的增加，旱地作物的粮食自给率迅速下降，农民需要新的研发政策来提高农业生产力。新的集约化旱地农业管理正在北海道兴起，那里的旱地作物产量约占日本旱地作物总产量的一半。蔬菜种植面积迅速增加，改变了传统的小麦、马铃薯、甜菜和豆类轮作方式。尽管公众在农业研究和发展中也发挥着重要作用，但私人研究和发展活动正在增加，特别是在蔬菜和花卉生产方面。如果由私人花卉苗圃公司提供，花卉苗圃的成本份额几乎占到总生产成本的一半。从理论上分析了这些新种子和苗圃在农民和私营企业之间的交易过程。F1洋葱品种有助于减少国内供应的季节性短缺和减少洋葱市场的进口。蔬菜本身是劳动密集型作物，虽然在土地资源稀缺的地区蔬菜产量正在增加。采用机械化来代替劳动力短缺是必然的。以德胜农业合作社联合会为研究对象，对蔬菜机械化生产的研发进行了个案研究。研究结果表明，对农业机械的需求正在迅速增长。环境问题在农业生产中也变得非常重要。控制旱地作物农药使用的新信息系统正在开发中。从理论上探讨了提高农药使用效率和改善环境状况的最优制度。对农田内部管理制度和旱地作物灌溉制度在控制肥料使用中的作用进行了调查和评价。少