Characteristic T cell receptor repertoire and cytokine profile of infiltrating T cells in chronic inflammatory periodontal disease

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In order to characterize the T cells infiltrating into gingival tissue of periodontitis patients, we analyzed the expression of cytokine mRNAs and clonality of those T cells by using RT-PCR and RT-PCR-SSCP,respectively. Further, the stimulatory effects of P.gingivalis, a periodontopathic bacteria, on the change of peripheral blood T cell clonality was also investigated. The results demonstrated that the mean expression of IFN-y mRNA was significantly higher in PBMC than in gingival tissues. In contrast, the mean expression of IL-10mRNA was higher in gingival tissues than in PBMC.This high expression of IL-10mRNA was in fact, seen in only 7 gingival tissue samples with the majority of samples showing levels similar to PBMC.There was no difference in the mean expression of IL-12p35 mRNA between gingival tissues and PBMC.However, IL-12p40 mRNA was expressed higher in gingival tissues than in PBMC in 6 out of 16 samples with significant difference of mean expression. There was no dofference in the mean expression of IL-13 in gingival tissues and PBMC.SSCP analysis showed smear patterns with few bands in PBMC,but a number of bands in most Vbeta families in tissue samples. A band on the SSCP gel indicate a T cell clone with homogeneous nucleotide sequence in the CDR3 region of the TCR.Simulation experiment demonstrated that several new distinct bands appeared after stimulation, indicating distinct clonal accumulations, although the number of distinct bands decreased in most cases. These data suggest that clonolypic change occurred following stimulation with P.gingivalis OM.These results suggest that T cell clones with type 2 cytokine profile are expanding or accumulating at the site of disease.