Development of an electrohydraulic totally implantable artificial heart system

研制了一种电液式全人工心脏（EHTAH）。该系统包括一个电液式椭圆形血泵和一个电液致动器，该电液致动器由一个再生无泵推力直流电机组件和一个电子系统组成，该电子系统具有经皮能量传输（泰特）和光学遥测（TOT）系统。基于磁共振成像的计算机图形证实了泵装置与人体胸腔的良好解剖匹配。将能量转换器（通过柔性导管将液压油往复运动到备用血泵）放置在腹部区域，以最大限度地减少解剖学限制。第二代抽油机最大出力超过10 L/min，在5 L/min出力时，能耗约为10 W，能效约为12%。将泵送装置植入62 kg小牛体内，并通过外部控制器成功驱动10天。在实验过程中，动物的循环 ...更多信息 EHTAH稳定地维持了足够的左右平衡。器械产生和散热也是可接受的。但是，发生了几次机械故障，包括轴承故障，导致器械故障。该器械在尸检时表现出良好的解剖匹配性，未损害大血管和邻近组织。因此，EHTAH泵装置被证明具有足够的体内基本性能，尽管针对检测到的机械问题需要采取适当的措施。在慢性动物研究中评价了泰特和TOT系统。由一对环形线圈组成的泰特系统在40天内表现出约80%的DC/DC效率，当时20瓦的能量最终被转移到模拟负载中。信号传输速率为19，200 bps的TOT系统允许高达12 mm的未对准。基于这些有利的结果，第三次迭代系统正在开发中，以获得更长的耐久性和更高的可靠性。少

An electrohydraulic total artificial heart (EHTAH) system is has been developed. The system comprises of diaphragm-type ellipsoidal blood pumps and an electrohydraulic actuator consisting of a regenerative pumprushless DC motor assembly, and an electronics system with transcutaneous energy transfer (TET) and optical telemetry (TOT) systems. Excellent anatomic fit of the pumping unit to the human chest cavity was confirmed by computer graphics based on magnetic resonance imaging. The energy converter, reciprocating hydraulic oil to alternate blood pumps through flexible conduits, is to be placed in the abdominal region for minimizing anatomic constraints. In this 2nd iteration pumping unit, the maximum output was over 10 L/min, and the energy consumptin and energy efficiency were around 10 W and 12% at 5L/min output, respectively. The pumping unit was implanted in a 62 kg calf, and was successfully actuated by an external controller for 10days. During the experiment, the animal's circul … More ation was stably maintained by the EHTAH with an adequate left-right balance. Generation and dissipation of heat from the device was also acceptable. There occurred, however, several mechanical failures including bearing breakdown resulting in device malfunction. The device demonstrated good anatomic fit at autopsy without compromising the great vessels and adjacent tissues. Thus, the EHTAH pumping unit was proved to have a sufficient in vivo basic performance, although appropriate measures are to be implemented aginst the mechanical problems detected. The TET and TOT systems were evaluated in chronic animal studies. The TET system consisting of a pair of annular coils demonstrated around 80% of DC/DC efficiency over 40 days when 20 watts of energy was finally transferred into a simulated load. The TOT system at 19,200 bps of signal transmission rate allowed up to 12 mm of misalignment. Based on these favorable results, the 3rd iteration system is being developed to acquire longer durability and higher reliability. Less