Developmental Studies of Image Analizing System for Animal Karyotype

染色体分析的自动化是上下文条件模式识别的一个典型例子。在过去的几年里，已经开发了几个系统来实现人类染色体的自动核型。我们在人类核型图像分析系统的基础上开发了动物核型图像分析系统的应用软件——住友金属株式会社（Sumitomo Metal Co .）的Karyovision CA2000K。在3年的时间里，我们进行了如下的发展研究：1)我们建立了计算机网络，用于开发动物核型图像分析系统。我们将管理表或数据表从人类改为动物。在这种情况下，重要的是要记录野生动物的物种名称、收集者名称、收集地点和收集日期，以及实验室动物的物种名称、品系名称和持有者或饲养者名称。2)利用我们的图像分析系统，我们应用了以下几个物种；对中国仓鼠和麝香鼩等染色体类型与人类相同的动物的染色体核型进行了较好的识别。我们还输入和分析猪、羊、牛等家畜，田鼠、鼩鼱等野生动物。山羊和牛的核图很难辨认。中国仓鼠和牛的识别频率分别为94.5%和67.55%。我们储存了动物的冷冻细胞，以提供和分析这些核型。利用这些样本，我们可以开发出具有更好识别能力的系统。我们还通过染色体带法建立了这些动物的标准核型，并开发了具有染色体偏差的新品系，如中国仓鼠的易位和倒位以及鼩鼱的Robertsonean易位。4)我们拍摄了染色体的数字图像，通过显微镜直接自动分析。

The automation of chromosome analysis is a classific example of contexed -conditioned pattern recognition. During the last years, several systems have been developed to enable automatic karyotyping of human chromosomes. We developed the application software of a image analyzing system for animal karyotypes based on one of these systems for human one, the Karyovision CA2000K from The Sumitomo Metal Co Ltd. Developmental studies were carried out during 3 years as following : 1) We built our net work of computer machine for development of image analyzing system for animal karyotype. We changed a managing sheet or data sheet from for human to animal. In that case it is important to record species' name, collector' name, location of collection and date of collection in wild animals, and species' name, strain's name, and holder or breeder's name in laboratory animals. 2) Using our image analyzing system, we applied many species following as ; Karyograms of Chinese hamsters and house musk shrews, which have all types of chromosomes such as human were recognized well. We also input and analize domestric animals such as pig, goat and cattle, and wild animals such as field vole, shrew-mole so on. It is difficult to recognize karyograms of goat and cattle. Recognition frequencies were between 94,5% in chinese hamster and 67,55 in cattle. 3) We stored freezing cells from animals to supply and to analyze these karyotypes. Using these samples we can develop a system with a better recognizing abilities. We also established standard karyotypes of these animals by banding methods of chromosomes, and we developed new strains with chromosomal deviations, such as translocations and inversion in the Chinese hamster and Robertsonean translocation in the shrew. 4) We took digital images of chromosomes to analyze directly and automatically through a microscope.