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Development of Chemical Evolution Simular in Interstellar Space

星际空间化学演化模拟的发展

基本信息

批准号：
07554020
负责人：
HASHIMOTO Akihiko
金额：
$ 9.09万
依托单位：
HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Primordial solid particles in the dark nebula consist of minuscule silicate minerals mantled by organic materials, and in turn by cosmochemical ice. When they are exposed to UV,cosmic rays, or some high energy sources such as collision and radiation, their physical and chemical properties are altered accordingly through thermal metamorphism, evaporation, and chemical and isotopic fractionations. The new molecules generated in those events become constituents of the next generation in interstellar space. In our own solar nebula, in ancient times, interstellar dust were altered and recycled in much the same way, collided each other, and coaggulated to primary bodies of miniature planets. Carbonaceous meteorites are debris of such celestial bodies.We have developed a new laboratory system that is capable of monitoring time-dependent evolution of molecules generated from primordial interstellar particles as they are exposed to controlled fluxes of various energy sources. With this new devi … More ce, we are able to investigate the physical environment of the primordial solar nebula, and hopefully decipher the origin of the solar system materials.The new device, "the cosmochemical evolution simulator" is equipped with three turbomolecular pumps, a main vacuum Chamber, and a diffentia11y-evacuated sub-chamber. The high vacuum system produces 10^<-10> Torr with no load, and better than 10^<-7> Torr during high-temperature heatings. The main vacuum chamber is equipped with a high-T tungsten heater, UV lamp, or IR lamp to provide high/low temperatures or high/low energies, with which primordial materials such as carbonaceous fine particles are heated, altered, and evaporated. The sub-chamber is used for mass spectrometric analyzes and photometry either with a quadrupole mass spectrometer or IR spectrophotometry attached to it. A criostat chamber in place of the sub-chamber attached to the main chamber provides a cold substrate for extreme low temperatures. Indigenous molecules generated from the primordial solid particles are condensed to reproduce interstellar ice and organic compounds.From these results, our primary goal, viz.development of chemical evolution simulator in interstellar space, is now complete. Less

黑暗星云中的原始固体颗粒由微小的硅酸盐矿物组成，被有机物质覆盖，反过来又被宇宙化学冰覆盖。当它们暴露在紫外线、宇宙射线或一些高能量源（如碰撞和辐射）下时，它们的物理和化学性质会通过热变质、蒸发以及化学和同位素分馏而发生相应的变化。在这些事件中产生的新分子成为星际空间下一代的组成部分。在我们自己的太阳星云中，在远古时代，星际尘埃以大致相同的方式改变和回收，相互碰撞，并凝结成微型行星的主体。碳质陨石是这类天体的碎片。我们开发了一种新的实验室系统，能够监测原始星际粒子在暴露于各种能量源的受控通量时产生的分子随时间的演变。有了这个新设备 ...更多信息这台名为“宇宙化学演化模拟器”的新装置配备了三台分子泵、一个主真空室和一个不同真空度的副真空室。高真空系统在空载时产生10^<-10>Torr，<-7>在高温加热期间优于10^ Torr。主真空室配备有高T钨加热器、UV灯或IR灯，以提供高/低温度或高/低能量，从而加热、改变和蒸发原始材料如碳质细颗粒。副室用于质谱分析和光度测定，其上连接有四极质谱仪或红外分光光度计。恒压室代替了连接在主室上的副室，为极低温度提供了冷基底。由原始固体粒子产生的原生分子被凝聚成星际冰和有机化合物。根据这些结果，我们的主要目标，即星际空间化学演化模拟器的开发现在已经完成。少