The "Comparative Examination" in the early Meiji-era primary Schools

明治初期小学的“比较考试”

• 批准号: 09610304
• 负责人: HASHIMOTO Akihiko
• 金额: $ 1.22万
• 依托单位: National Institute for Educational Policy Research
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1997 至 1999
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09610304/
• 关键词: Comparative Examination; Meiji-era; primary schools; 点数競争

In this research, I have put focus on the compaFative examination in early Meiji era (approx.1 868-1881) primary schools. Those comparative examination would test children who were selected from individual schools, and compete with their scores. The result of the examination would me rely end to prises for the good achievers, but schools and pupils were very hardly encouraged by these examinations.Mostly, Japanese modern education systems are thought to be a kind of a copy or mosaic-patchwo rk of western educational systems. But what interesting of this examination is that it emerged outside of the foFmal educational system. For instance, there were no reference of these kind of eraminations in 'O~kusei ; f'he Educational Code of 1872"., This study investigates the origin of these examination. As a result, I have found out that these examinations are, in some points, very similar to examinations existed in the Edo era ; the premodern ages of Japan. They are a kind of mixtures of elements from the Edo examination and Western examinations.

本研究以明治初期（约1868 -1881年）的小学比较考试为研究对象。这些比较考试将测试从各个学校挑选出来的孩子，并与他们的分数竞争。考试的结果将取决于对优秀学生的奖励，但学校和学生几乎没有受到这些考试的鼓励。大多数情况下，日本的现代教育制度被认为是西方教育制度的一种复制或拼凑。但有趣的是，这种考试出现在正规教育体系之外。例如，在《1872年教育法典》中就没有这类规定。本研究探讨这些考试的起源。因此，我发现这些考试在某些方面与江户时代的考试非常相似;日本的前现代时代。它们是江户考试和西方考试元素的混合体。