An experimental investigation on gas-solid reactions using nebular gas and planetary atmospheres.
使用星云气体和行星大气进行气固反应的实验研究。
基本信息
- 批准号:11640436
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 2.24万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:日本
- 项目类别:Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
- 财政年份:1999
- 资助国家:日本
- 起止时间:1999 至 2000
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
We have investigated the reaction kinetics of evaporation/condensation of interstellar dust and also the chemical erosion rates of planetary surface as functions of temperature, pressure, and chemical compositions, by means of laboratory experiments using nebular and/or planetary atmosphere analogue. We have devised a new system that allowed a mixing in desired ratios of the three most fundamental elements, H, O, and C.In order to generate the analogue nebular gas, H_2, CO_2, and CO were controlled for their flow rates with precision automatic flowmeters, and introduced into the mixing vessel inside a high vacuum chamber. A quadrupole mass spectrometer has been attached to this system to allow gas analyses.To achieve a thermodynamic equilibrium inside the vessel at a prescribed temperature, granular Pt catalyses were doped inside the PtRh reaction cell. An alumina protection tube was devised to prevent PtRh from excessive evaporation at high T in vacuo. The gas controlling system was c … More onnected to the mixing vessel inside the vacuum furnace, and is being tested for its utility at high temperatures up to 1600℃. We have developed a computer program that calculates partial pressures of various radicals including oxygen under various T, P, and composition conditions. With this program we are able to predict the relationships between the concentration of various radicals and the reaction rate that occurs in actual experiments.As a first-order approximation to the real situation in the nebula, we have carried out investigation on the reaction rate of interstellar dust materials during evaporation/condensation processes. We have found that the reaction rate was proportional to the concentration of atomic hydrogen, we also found that the temperature dependence of the reaction rate was reflecting the activation energy required for breaking a chemical bond between metallic element and oxygen. The fact that the recondensation rate was inversely proportional to the atomic hydrogen pressure have indicated an involvement of OH radical in the reaction. We have also found a temperature effect on recondensation, that enhanced with temperature, its cause is under investigation. Less
我们利用星云和/或行星大气模拟的实验室实验,研究了星际尘埃蒸发/凝结的反应动力学以及行星表面的化学侵蚀速率随温度、压力和化学成分的变化。我们设计了一种新的系统,允许三种最基本的元素H、O和C按所需的比例混合。为了产生模拟星云气体,H_2、CO_2和CO被精密自动流量计控制其流速,并被引入到高真空室的混合室中。为了在规定的温度下实现容器内的热力学平衡,在PtRh反应池内掺杂了颗粒状的铂催化剂。设计了一种氧化铝保护管,以防止PtRh在真空中高温下的过度蒸发。气体控制系统为c…。更多的连接到真空炉内的混合容器,并正在测试其在高达1600℃的高温下的实用性。我们开发了一个计算机程序,可以计算包括氧在内的各种自由基在各种T、P和组成条件下的分压。利用这个程序,我们能够预测各种自由基的浓度与实际实验中发生的反应速度之间的关系。作为对星云中真实情况的一级近似,我们对星际尘埃物质在蒸发/凝聚过程中的反应速度进行了研究。我们发现反应速率与氢原子的浓度成正比,反应速率的温度依赖性反映了打破金属元素与氧之间化学键所需的活化能。再缩合速率与氢气原子压强成反比的事实表明,OH自由基参与了反应。我们还发现了温度对再冷凝的影响,这种影响随着温度的升高而增强,其原因还在研究中。较少
项目成果
期刊论文数量(5)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Hiyagon, H.and Hashimoto, A.: "Oxygen-16 excesses in olivine inclusions in Yamato-86009 and Murchison chondrites and their relation to calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions."Science. 283. 828-831 (1999)
Hiyagon, H. 和 Hashimoto, A.:“Yamato-86009 和默奇森球粒陨石中橄榄石包裹体中氧 16 过量及其与富含钙铝包裹体的关系。”《科学》。
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Kuroda, D.: "The reaction of forsterite with hydrogen-its apparent and real temperature dependences."Antarctic Meteorite Research. 13(in press). (2001)
Kuroda, D.:“镁橄榄石与氢的反应 - 其表观和真实温度依赖性。”南极陨石研究。
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Blum,J.: "Growth and form of planetary seedings : results from a microgravity aggregation experiment."Physical Review Letters. 85. 2426-2429 (2000)
Blum, J.:“行星种子的生长和形式:微重力聚集实验的结果。”物理评论快报。
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Sogawa,H.: "On the origin of crystalline silicate in circumstellar envelopes of oxygen-rich asymptotic giant branch stars."The Astrophysical Journal. 516. L33-L36 (1999)
曾川,H.:“关于富氧渐近巨分支星的星周包层中结晶硅酸盐的起源。”天体物理学杂志。
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- 影响因子:0
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Richter,F.M.: "Elemental and isotopic fractionation of CAI liquids at T=17734 and PH_2=1.9×10^<-4> bar. "Lunar Planet.Sci.. XXXI CD-ROM 1973. (2000)
Richter, F.M.:“T=17734 和 PH_2=1.9×10^<-4> bar 时 CAI 液体的元素和同位素分馏。”Lunar Planet.Sci.. XXXI CD-ROM 1973。(2000)
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HASHIMOTO Akihiko其他文献
HASHIMOTO Akihiko的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('HASHIMOTO Akihiko', 18)}}的其他基金
Factual Study of the Implementation of the School Evaluation System in 1950's Japan
20世纪50年代日本学校评价制度实施的实况研究
- 批准号:
21530818 - 财政年份:2009
- 资助金额:
$ 2.24万 - 项目类别:
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
The Success and Struggle of the Proficiency-Based Educational Reform in Oregon
俄勒冈州基于能力的教育改革的成功与奋斗
- 批准号:
16330160 - 财政年份:2004
- 资助金额:
$ 2.24万 - 项目类别:
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
The "Comparative Examination" in the early Meiji-era primary Schools
明治初期小学的“比较考试”
- 批准号:
09610304 - 财政年份:1997
- 资助金额:
$ 2.24万 - 项目类别:
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
Development of Chemical Evolution Simular in Interstellar Space
星际空间化学演化模拟的发展
- 批准号:
07554020 - 财政年份:1995
- 资助金额:
$ 2.24万 - 项目类别:
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
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