Purification of Fullerene by using of Inclusion Compouns and Function of Their Inclusion Complexes

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In order to find calix [n] arenes which can interact with [60] fullerene in solution we have screened a number of different calix [n] arenes by spectroscopic methods. We eventually discovered such three calix [n] arenes (p-tert-butylcalix [5] arene, p-tert-butylcalix [6] arene, and ptert-butylhomooxacalix [3] arene) which could accept [60] fullerene even in solution. They commonly possess a cone conformation and a benzene ring inclination suitable to [60] fullerene inclusion. Furthermore, it was found that calix [n] aryl ester derivatives, which cannot interact with [60] fullerene, become excellent [60] fullerene-acceptors in the presence of certain specific metal cations. This was attributed to a metal-induced conformational change to preorganeze cone calix [n] aryl esters. This phenomenon is a sort of positive allosterism, which is the first example in fullerene chemistry. We believe that these findings will open a door to new fullerene-calix [n] arene conjugate chemistry.