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Investigation and Development of Environment Conservative and Animal Welfaristic Dairy Farming System

环保动物福利型奶牛养殖体系研究与发展

基本信息

批准号：
07556145
负责人：
SUGAWARA Kazuo
金额：
$ 1.41万
依托单位：
Tohoku University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Low input, sustainability, environment conservation, and animal welfare are gradually acknowledged as keywords for future animal husbandry system. We discussed future dairy farming bibliographically and empirically. Bibliographical research revealed that mountaneous area being dominated by animal husbandry was handicapped of various aspects, in which even agriculture had disadvantage not only internationally but also domestically. It is necessary to establish advantageous rural industry. It must be a multi-propose industry having various functions such as conservation of environment and landscape, education, amenity, and preservation of local culture, local historic events and places.Two dairy farms were investigated, where grazing lands were sustained with no fertilisers and cows were not fed concentrates. A cow produced about 4,000kg /year and its welfare level was improved drastically. Pollution from the farms decreased to 1/2-1/3 of conventional farms in Germany and 1/12-1/16 of co … More nventional farms in Japan. Grass production in grazing lands allocating 0.8 ha/cow was suppressed drastically, which was responsible for only 18% of nutrient input of cows. Plan species were biassed to short types and numbers of plant species increased. However, diversity index with quantitative scales decreased. In addition, numbers of bacteria in grazing lands decreased and a diversity level on micro flora and soil animals did not represent wilderness. Severe low input system of dairy farming suppressed a diversity level of plant species, micro flora and soil animals, suppressed grass productivity, caused cows to graze for a long time. It is suggested of imbalance between low input and productivity, conservation of environment and landscape, animal welfare. Then, we investigated a moderate input system where cows were fed concentrates of 1.1t/head/year and produced about 6,000kg/year. Coverage of weeds in grazing lands was a few percentages and micro flora and soil animals were rich, which represented wilderness. Less

低投入、可持续发展、环境保护和动物福利逐渐被认为是未来畜牧业系统的关键词。我们讨论了未来的奶牛养殖参考文献和经验。文献研究表明，以畜牧业为主的山区，在各个方面都有缺陷，即使是农业，无论在国际上还是在国内，都处于劣势。要建立农村优势产业。它必须是一个多用途的产业，具有各种功能，如保护环境和景观，教育，舒适，和保护当地文化，当地历史事件和places.Two奶牛场进行了调查，牧场持续没有肥料和奶牛不喂精料。一头牛每年生产约4，000公斤，其福利水平得到大幅提高。在德国，该农场的污染物减少到传统农场的1/2-1/3，二氧化碳减少到传统农场的1/12-1/16。 ...更多信息日本的传统农场。在放牧地分配0.8公顷/牛的草产量被大大抑制，这是负责只有18%的营养输入的奶牛。植物种类向矮秆类型倾斜，植物种类数量增加。而数量尺度的多样性指数则呈下降趋势。此外，牧场中的细菌数量减少，微生物植物群和土壤动物的多样性水平并不代表荒野。严重的低投入奶牛养殖系统抑制了植物物种、微植物群和土壤动物的多样性水平，抑制了牧草生产力，导致奶牛长时间放牧。低投入与低生产力、环境与景观保护、动物福利之间的不平衡。然后，我们研究了一个适度的投入系统，其中奶牛饲喂1.1吨/头/年的精料，年产量约为6,000公斤。草地杂草覆盖率低，微植物群和土壤动物丰富，具有荒漠化的特征。少