Antioxidant activities of natural 9-cis β-carotene of Donliella bardawil on human neutrophil ROS production

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Much attention has been focused on the biological activity of geometrical isomers of β -carotene. In the present study, the in vitro antioxidant activities of a natural 9-cisβ-carotene purified from Donaliella bardawil and synthetic all-transβ -carotene were studied using enhanced human neutrophil chemiluminescence upon stimulation with opsonized zymosan. Lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence was used for largely measuring superoxide anion (O_2) production, luminal-dependent chemiluminescence with sodium azide (NaN_3) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used for measuring hydrogen peroxide (H_2O_2) production, and luminal-dependent chemiluminescence without oxidant metabolism modulator was used for determination of myeloperoxydase (MPO)-mediated production. With β -carotene concentration of 1.4 μM, neutrophils showed a decrease in lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence to 75 % and 78 % of controls (P<0.05) by natural 9-cis β -carotene and synthetic all-trans β-carotene, respectively. With β-carotene concentration of 1.86 μM, neutrophils also showed a decrease in luminol-dependent chemiluminescence in the presence of NaN_3 and HRP to 86 % and 81 % of controls (P< 0.05) by natural 9-cis β -carotene and synthetic all-trans β-carotene, respectively. On the other hand, neutrophils did not show a statistically significant difference in any chemiluminescence assay by the same concentration of natural 9-cis β -carotene and synthetic a all-trans B -carotene. These results suggest that, up to the concentration of 1.86μM, natural 9-cis B -carotene and synthetic all-trans β -carotene exert equal antioxidant activities assessed by enhanced human neutrophil chemiluminescence.