Newly development of CCD videomicroscope with a fine needle probe of side and straight angle mirror

点击翻译按钮获取中文摘要

To visualize the human renal microvessels, we have developed a fine needle type CCD microscope. The needle probe (diameter : 3.5 mm, length : 65 mm) contains a gradient index (GRIN) lens, surrounded by an annular light guide. Two access methods of the needle probe to superficial nephrons were applied. The first one was direct access to a kidney. The probe (angle of viewing field : 0 deg) was introduced into the superficial renal cortex through the renal capsule at the lateral renal border during operation (renal injury=1.renal cancer=3, ureteral cancer=1 ; 5 Kidneys in total) under general anesthesia. In the second method, the needle probe (angle of viewing field : 90 deg) was introduced percutaneously into the intra-renal tissue through nephrostomy during nephrostomy tube exchange (postoperative uterine cancer=2, postoperative rectal cancer=1 ; 4 kidneys in total) under no anesthesia. We injected the dye (Indicocarmine, 20 mg) into the intravenous root at 4-5 minutes before observation of intra-renal microvessels. The dye was excreted from a glomerular capsule to a proximal tubulus. The distal tubulus was also visualized by dye injection. Some bubbles of about 20 mm in diameter were observed in these tubules and were moved toward downstream by the peristalsis of the tubules. We could clearly visualize the in vivo human intrarenal vessels (afferent arterioles, glomerular capillary loops, efferent arterioles, peritubular networks, and vasa recta) and proximal and distal tubulus with the dye injected to intravenous root by our novel system.