Direct in vivo visualization of human renal microcirculation using less-invasive intravital videomicroscopy. -vascular structure and renal blood flow-

虽然每种方法都有其独特的优点，但它们共同的缺点是需要对肾脏进行大量的操作，这可能会改变肾脏微血管的反应性。为了避免先前肾脏微循环方法的这一缺点，我们开发了一种铅笔透镜探头（1毫米，长：25厘米，重160克）和电荷耦合器件（CCD）活体视频显微系统（空间分辨率：0.86微米，时间分辨率：30帧/秒），它结合了显微镜和内窥镜的特点。该系统使我们能够进行微创评估肾脏结构和微循环方法的腹腔镜孔和开放手术。此外，传入和传出小动脉以及肾小球的实时成像可以连续评估，从而允许微循环的功能表征。沿肾小球毛细血管设置线段，沿线段构建时空图像。根据Ogasawara等人之前的报道，利用时空极图像中与红细胞速度相关的条带模式角度来计算红细胞速度矢量。序列图像的运动分析产生肾小球中红细胞和白细胞速度的数据。总之，这种微创技术将揭示肾微循环的未知领域。

Several technical approaches for the evaluation of renal microcirculation have been developed Although each methodology possesses unique advantages, their common disadvantage is in the need for substantial manipulation on the kidney that might alter the renal microvascular responsiveness.To circumvent this drawback of previous approaches to renal microcirculation, we have developed a pencil-lens probe ($ 1mm, length : 25cm, weight 160g) with the charge-coupled divice (CCD) intravital videomicroscopic system (spatial resolution : 0.86um, time resolution : 30 frame/sec), which combines the characteristics ofmicroscopy and endoscopy. This system allowed us to perform less- invasive evaluation of both the renal structure and microcirculation approach to laparoscopic hole and open operation. Furthermore, real-time imaging of afferent and efferent arterioles, as well as glomeruli can be continuously assessed, thus permitting the functional characterization of microcirculation. A line segment was set along the glomerular capillaries and then a spatiotemporal image was constructed along the segment. The angle of stripped pattern in the spatiotempolar image, which is related to the erythrocyte velocity, was applied to compute erythrocyte velocity vectors as previously reported from Ogasawara et al group. Motion analysis of sequential images yields data on velocity of erythrocytes and leukocytes in glomeruli. In conclusion, this less-invasive technique will reveal as yet unknown field of renal microcirculation.