Study on the Formation of Ethnic Stereotypic-Images

本研究旨在分析二战后日本人对在日朝鲜人的形象是如何形成和转变的。本研究的数据如下：关于韩国人的文章出现在京都广受欢迎的地方报纸《京都新闻》上；1996年，我在立命馆大学教授文化人类学课程，向该校学生发放问卷；1995 ~ 1997年在京都、川崎、荒川、福冈的部分韩国人生活史；还有书面材料。有学者指出，在第二次世界大战之前，报纸对韩国人负面形象的形成有很大的影响。但是，在第二次世界大战后，有关韩国人的文章的处理方式发生了变化。第二次世界大战后，它相对扭曲和歧视，在数量上是有限的。这种趋势一直持续到20世纪60年代末。也就是说，很少能看到正面的韩国人形象。对五六十年代朝鲜人形象的研究发现，朝鲜人在日本人心目中的形象是“不洁的”、“狡猾的”、“卑鄙的”。然而，特别是自20世纪80年代以来，关于韩国人的文章发生了质的和质的转变。文章的范围变得更加广泛，从政治到文化方面，这是我们在五六十年代很少能找到的。文章的数量急剧增加。除此之外，影响创造更积极形象的文章也有所增加。但是，从调查问卷的分析结果来看，日本年轻人对韩国人的印象刚刚从过去明确的负面形象转变为“模糊”的负面形象。

This study aims to analyze how images on the Koreans in Japan have been formed and transformed among the Japanese in the post-World War II period. Data for this study are as follow : articles on Koreans appeared on the Kyoto Shinbun (newspaper) which is widely-read local newspaper in Kyoto ; questionnaires distributed among the students lof Ritsumeikan University whom I taught cultural anthropology in 1996 ; life histories of some koreans in Kyoto, Kawasaki, Arakawa and Fukuoka between 1995 and 1997 ; and witten materials.It has been pointed out by some scholars that newspapers had great infuence on the formation of negative images of the Koreans before World War II.However, in post-World War II,treatment of articles on the Koreans has changed. Immediately after World War II,it was relatively distorted and discriminative, and quantitatively it was limited. This trend went on until late 1960's. In other words, we seldom find articles with positive images of Koreans. Some researches on the Korean images carried out during the 1950's and 1960's found that the Koreans were imaged "unlean""tricky""mean" among lthe Japanese. However, especially since 1980's, the articles on the Koreans have transformed both qualitatively and quatitatively. The range of the articles have become more wide from political to cultural aspects which we could seldom find in the 1950's and 1960's. The number of articles has increased dramatically. In addition to that, articles affecting to create more positive images have increased. But, from the result of the analysis of the questionnaire, it is pointed out that images on the Koreans held among the young Japanese have just transformed to "ambiguous" negative-images from clearly negative-ones in the old days.