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Yeats and Kipling : Similarities and Differences in their View of Asia

叶芝与吉卜林:亚洲观的异同

基本信息

批准号：
07610468
负责人：
YAMASAKI Hiroyuki
金额：
$ 0.9万
依托单位：
Hyogo University of Teacher Education
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07610468/
关键词：
Kipling Yeats View of Asia Understanding Other Cultures Cultural Value Religion Orientalism Culture and Literature イェイツ反復文学テクスト

项目摘要

The aim of the present research project is to clarify similarities and differences in views of Asian religions between an Anglo-Irish writer W.B.Yeats (1865-1939) and an Anglo-Indian writer Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936). We have chiefly examined how the two writers use the terms God, Gods and gods in their poems and fictions, and reached the following conclusions : (1) Kipling for the most part refers to the divinities of Hinduism not as gods, but as Gods, whereas he refers to the divinity of Christianity either as God or Gods. The former fact suggests that he pays his deep respect to Hinduism, one of the Asian religions. The latter fact suggests that he consciously or unconsciously satirizes the historical conflict between Catholicism and Protestantism which can be interpreted to have picked and chosen their own God from among Gods and have worshiped it in their own manner. These facts ultimately reflect his relativistic sense that both Christianity as monotheism and Asian religions as polytheism are equal to each other in terms of cultural value. (2) Unlike Kipling, Yeats consistently refers to Christian divinity as God, and to Asian ones as gods. In this sense, his naming of divinities is traditional. Also, unlike Kipling, he is quite critical both of Christianity and Asian religions because he thinks that they all compel worshipers to abandon their own self to their God or gods. (3) In comparison with Kipling, Yeats, who sticks stubbornly to his own self, lack a sympathy to Asian religions. Yeats is more Europe-oriented (or classical Greek-oriented) than Kipling.

本研究旨在厘清盎格鲁-爱尔兰作家叶芝（1865-1939）与盎格鲁-印度作家吉卜林（1865-1936）在亚洲宗教观点上的异同。我们主要考察了这两位作家在他们的诗歌和小说中是怎样使用“神”、“神”、“神”等名词的，并得出以下的结论：(1)吉卜林在大多数情况下，不把印度教的诸神称为“神”，而把基督教的诸神称为“神”或“神”。前一个事实表明，他对亚洲宗教之一的印度教怀有深深的敬意。后一个事实表明，他有意无意地讽刺了天主教和新教之间的历史冲突，这可以解释为，他们从神中挑选了自己的神，并以自己的方式崇拜它。这些事实最终反映了他的相对主义意识，即基督教作为一神教与亚洲宗教作为多神教在文化价值上是平等的。(2)与吉卜林不同，叶芝一贯把基督教的神称为上帝，把亚洲的神称为神。从这个意义上说，他对神的命名是传统的。此外，与吉卜林不同，他对基督教和亚洲宗教都持批评态度，因为他认为这些宗教都迫使信徒放弃自我，献身于他们的上帝。(3)与吉卜林相比，坚守自我的叶芝缺乏对亚洲宗教的同情。叶芝比吉卜林更倾向于欧洲（或古典希腊）。