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CONCRETE AND COMPARATIVE RESEARCH ON REALIZATION OF RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE

土著人民权利实现的具体比较研究

基本信息

批准号：
07620013
负责人：
TSUNEMOTO Teruki
金额：
$ 1.47万
依托单位：
HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07620013/
关键词：
indigenous people indigenous rights Aborigenes self determination Ainu Native American 先住民

项目摘要

This study originally purported to investigate political and legal characteristics of countries who have long tradition and practices concerning indigenous peoples in order to explore the possibility to realize the rights of the Ainu, the indigenous people of northern Japan. The study dealt, for example, with Native American's land claim movements, the indigenous rights provision of the Canada's 1982 Constitution, the Mabo decision of the High Court of Australia.During the research, however, the Japanese government began to prepare a new legislation for the Ainu. Considering the importance of the new law, the investigator decided to include the examination of the governmental proposal into the study. In addition, Sapporo District Court's decision concerning "Nibutani Dam" in March 1997 provided significant material to the study.As a result of the study, the investigator gained insights including ;Although the Ainu New Law is often criticized for want of provisions recognizing indigenous rights of the Ainu, it is not unreasonable for Japan who lacks experience to deal with indigenous peoples to begin by restoring Ainu's traditional culture which is the source of the people's pride."Nibutani Dam" decision employed the acknowledgment of the Ainu as indigenous people as a factor that makes the Government's obligation to give consideration to their cultural rights stronger than for a non-indigenous minority group. This approach provides persuasive argument for recognizing apecial constitutional and lagal rights of the indigenous people in Japan.

这项研究最初的目的是调查那些对土著人民有着悠久传统和做法的国家的政治和法律的特点，以探讨实现日本北方土著人民阿伊努人权利的可能性。例如，研究涉及美洲原住民的土地要求运动、加拿大1982年宪法中的土著权利条款、澳大利亚高等法院的Mabo裁决。然而，在研究期间，日本政府开始为阿伊努人制定新的立法。考虑到新法律的重要性，调查员决定将对政府提案的审查纳入研究。此外，1997年3月札幌地方法院关于“Nibutani大坝”的判决为研究提供了重要资料。虽然《阿伊努人新法》经常因缺乏承认阿伊努人土著权利的条款而受到批评，缺乏与原住民打交道经验的日本，开始从恢复阿伊努人引以为傲的传统文化开始，也不无道理。“Nibutani大坝”的决定将承认阿伊努人为土著人民作为一个因素，使政府有义务比非土著少数群体更强烈地考虑他们的文化权利。这为承认日本土著人民的宪法权利和法律权利提供了有说服力的论据。