CONCRETE AND COMPARATIVE RESEARCH ON REALIZATION OF RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE

这项研究最初的目的是调查在土著人民方面有悠久传统和做法的国家的政治和法律特点，以便探讨实现日本北部土著人民阿伊努人权利的可能性。例如，这项研究涉及美洲土著的土地要求运动、加拿大1982年宪法中土著权利的规定、澳大利亚高等法院对马博案的裁决。然而，在研究过程中，日本政府开始为阿伊努人准备新的立法。考虑到新法律的重要性，调查人员决定将政府提案的审查纳入研究范围。此外，札幌地方法院1997年3月对“Nibutani大坝”的判决为本研究提供了重要的资料。作为研究的结果，研究者获得的见解包括；虽然《阿伊努人新法》经常因缺乏承认阿伊努人土著权利的条款而受到批评，但对于缺乏处理土著人民经验的日本来说，从恢复阿伊努人的传统文化开始并不是不合理的，因为阿伊努人的传统文化是人民自豪感的源泉。“尼布塔尼大坝”决定将承认阿伊努人是土著人民作为一个因素，使政府比非土著少数群体更有义务考虑他们的文化权利。这种做法为承认日本土著人民的特殊宪法和法律权利提供了有说服力的论据。

This study originally purported to investigate political and legal characteristics of countries who have long tradition and practices concerning indigenous peoples in order to explore the possibility to realize the rights of the Ainu, the indigenous people of northern Japan. The study dealt, for example, with Native American's land claim movements, the indigenous rights provision of the Canada's 1982 Constitution, the Mabo decision of the High Court of Australia.During the research, however, the Japanese government began to prepare a new legislation for the Ainu. Considering the importance of the new law, the investigator decided to include the examination of the governmental proposal into the study. In addition, Sapporo District Court's decision concerning "Nibutani Dam" in March 1997 provided significant material to the study.As a result of the study, the investigator gained insights including ;Although the Ainu New Law is often criticized for want of provisions recognizing indigenous rights of the Ainu, it is not unreasonable for Japan who lacks experience to deal with indigenous peoples to begin by restoring Ainu's traditional culture which is the source of the people's pride."Nibutani Dam" decision employed the acknowledgment of the Ainu as indigenous people as a factor that makes the Government's obligation to give consideration to their cultural rights stronger than for a non-indigenous minority group. This approach provides persuasive argument for recognizing apecial constitutional and lagal rights of the indigenous people in Japan.