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REALIZATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF INDIGENOUS RIGHTS IN MODERN STATE --- A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE AINU AND THE NATIVE HAWAIIANS

现代国家土著权利的实现与落实——阿努族与夏威夷原住民的比较研究

基本信息

批准号：
12620018
负责人：
TSUNEMOTO Teruki
金额：
$ 1.73万
依托单位：
HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12620018/
关键词：
indigenous people constitution equality Hawaii ハワイ先住民アイヌ民族先住権

项目摘要

The purpose of this research project is to seek models for realization and implementation of rights of indigenous people in Japan. The study focused on the Native Hawaiians because they bear notable resemblance to the Ainu people in terms that the Native Hawaiians have never formally been recognized as "Indian tribe" by the federal government and the federal laws focusing to the tribes have not applied to the Native Hawaiians. Based on these understandings, I investigated the constitutional and legal status of the Native Hawaiians. I especially paid attention to Rice v. Cayetano decision, handed down by the United States Supreme Court in February 2000, which declared that the state law limiting the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA) trustee election to Native Hawaiians contravened the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution guaranteeing equality of voting rights. I also studied the programs operated by the OHA for welfare and betterment of native Hawaiians. Another theme of investigation was constitutional and legal history of Native Hawaiians since the present legal system for them rooted deeply in the history.As a result of the research, it became fairly clear that it is constitutionally possible to guarantee and to implement the rights of native people without the formal recognition as a indigenous people by the national government.

该研究项目的目的是寻找日本原住民权利的实现和实施的模式。这项研究的重点是夏威夷原住民，因为他们与阿伊努人有显着的相似之处，即夏威夷原住民从未被联邦政府正式承认为“印第安部落”，而且针对部落的联邦法律也不适用于夏威夷原住民。基于这些认识，我调查了夏威夷原住民的宪法和法律地位。我特别关注2000年2月美国最高法院作出的赖斯诉卡耶塔诺案的判决，该判决宣布州法律限制夏威夷原住民选举夏威夷事务办公室（OHA）受托人，违反了保证投票权平等的美国宪法第十五修正案。我还研究了 OHA 为夏威夷原住民的福利和改善而开展的项目。调查的另一个主题是夏威夷原住民的宪法和法律史，因为他们的现行法律制度深深植根于历史。研究的结果是，相当清楚的是，在没有得到国家政府正式承认为原住民的情况下，宪法可以保障和落实原住民的权利。